Each of the stories in this collection is a mirror of life, a little masterpiece of meaning and mesmerizing perfection. These stories are captivating with baffling variety that capture, the inner and the outer world realistically; and ingeniously explore a stimulating array of themes and situations. There is simplicity and sophistication. It is about the people and the country. In the wider context, the stories provide glimpses of Indian ethods and contemporary wisdom, which go back to ancient roots. Basically stories of human relationship, its agonies nd challenges, these extend subtly to reflect Indian life of not only ordinary men but those sitting at the flring line where decisions appear feasible. Emotions, thoughts and earthly existence reveal the real location of man, of what he thinks of life and the world.

To keep pace with the recent developments in the scientific world is very difficult when one wishes to put them on record in the form of a book. Undeterred with this notion, however, we have tried to collect and synthesize the available updated information on stress tolerance and crop productivity through various esteemed colleagues and experts in their respective research fields. The book is arranged in eleven chapters each dealing with plant adaptation and productivity under different stress environments. Main focus has been towards physiological and molecular approaches for stress tolerance leading to higher productivity. Nutrients being the back bone of production system are adversely affected by the stress environments causing either toxicity or deficiency disorders. The crop productivity, therefore, is adversely affected and sometimes total crop failure is the consequence. A couple of chapters are dealing with plant nutrition under stress environments. Heavy metals pollution especially in vegetables and cereals is of great concern to the scientific community because of its severe consequences in human health hazards. Physiological and biochemical traits associated with tolerance to and susceptibility for different types of stresses namely- salinity, drought, submergence and waterlogging have been discussed in several chapters. Conventional and molecular breeding tools and other management approaches for enhancing tolerance and adaptation to different stresses have been the basic theme of the book. The book is a synthesis of recent developments in the field of stress physiology and molecular biology with special reference to crop productivity. We hope the readers will reap the benefits of the book and will bring their suggestions for refinement of the book in future.

The set Advanced Commercial Floriculture in 2 volumes has been organised in such a way that it will be useful to everyone interested in the world of plants, particularly that increasing number of people who are concerned with commercial floriculture of today. This book will make people aware of the potential of ornamental plants from all angles and help in exploring the possibilities to develop new vistas for floriculture-based industries. Almost all commercially important plants cultivated in different parts of the world have found a place in this publication. There are 11 interesting and informative introductory chapters on Floriculture Industry, Soil and Climate, Manures and Fertilisers, Plant Propagation, Nursery Plant Production, Seed Production, Green Houses, Essential Oils of Ornamental Plants, Ornamental Plant Products, Dried Flowers and Post-Harvest Management. Production technology of cut flowers and loose flowers involving 21 most important flower crops are discussed in depth. There are 6 exhaustive chapters on different groups of plants like Annual Crops, Herbaceous Perennials, Flowering Shrubs, House Plants, Aquatic Plants and Bulbous Ornamentals. In this 2nd Revised and Enlarged Edition 8 new chapters on Ornamental Cacti and other Succulents, Bonsai, Flowers and Ornamental Plants for Landscaping, Production of Quality Seeds and Planting Materials in Ornamental Plants, Biotechnological Applications in Ornamental Plants, Value Addition in Flower Crops, Intellectual Property Rights Issues in Ornamental Plants, and Lesser Known Potential New Ornamental Plants are included with 62 new colour plates. The book will be an useful and handy reference book for amateur and professional ornamental plant growers, small and big flower farmers, hi-tech floriculture entrepreneurs, perfumers, landscape designers, extension workers, policy makers, exporters, students, teachers and scientists.

The present volume “Advances in Botany” published on the occasion of 90 years of the establishment includes review articles written by eminent Indian botanist. The present volume “Advances in Botany” published on the occasion of 90 years of the establishment includes articles written by eminent Indian Botanist. There are 18 review articles on Mycology, Pathology, Reproductive Biology, Medicinal Plant, Physiology, ecology etc. covering wide varieties of topics. A perusal of various titles comprising this volume shows that they cover articles on: Pollination; Spatio-temporal Variation in Pollinators and their efficiency; current trends in Biological control of nematodes; Phytoplasmas; Bioprospecting of Plant Growth Promoting Soil; microorganisms; Management of Post-harvest diseases; Prevention of Post-harvest fruits by plant products; AM fungi for sustainable agriculture; Bacterial diseases of cluster bean & their management; Management of mycotoxins; Biological Methods of exploration of groundwater & minerals; Nitric Oxide Biochemistry; Micro propagation of medicinal plants; phenolic compounds & stress in plants; chemo preventive applications of Spirulina; Citrus quadrangularis - a pharmaceutical herb; Barringtonia in Human Welfare etc. Book will be very useful to botanist, agricultural scientist, plant pathologist & student of plant sciences.

Advertising is the dissemination of information or views concerning an idea, product or service to induce action in accordance with the intent of the advertiser. It is an important tool of sales promotion. It is a non-personal presentation of an idea or a product or service. The main object of advertising is to promote idea about the products and services of a business organization. The book explains all the basic concepts of advertising after a detailed study of the subject matter. The language of the book is easy to understand that a layman may easily understand it. The book has been written in a lucid style that provides depth knowledge of the concept of advertising. The contents of the book are as under: •?Introduction •?Media of Advertising •?Product Mix •?Product Planning and Development •?Product Life Cycle •?Sales Promotion •?Branding •?Personal Selling •?Consumer Behaviour •?Service Marketing •?Pricing. The book will be useful to the students of B.Com., BBA, BCA, MBA, BBM, PGDBM and M.Com. of various Indian Universities.

Genetically Modified foods have the potential to solve many of the world’s hunger and malnutrition problems, and to help protect and preserve the evironment by increasing yield and reducing reliance upon chemical pesticides and herbicides. Yet there are many challenges ahead for government, especially in the areas of safety testing, regulation, international policy and food labeling. The present book “Agricultural Biotechnology” incorporates review and research articles on various aspects of plant biotechnology. This book contains 10 chapters written by leading experts in the discipline incorporating recent developments in the subject. Major topics covered in the book viz. Recent Advances in Agricultural Biotechnology; Genetically Modified Plants as Food; Crop Protection through Engineering of Insecticidal Proteins; Role of Microbial Diversity in Sustainable Agriculture Development; Wide Hybridization in Cicer through Biotechnological Techniques and Hardening & Acclimatization of Micropropagated Plants. Articles on Biochemistry of Fruit Softening; Seed Germination—Regulatory Interactions and Mechanisms and Biofuel—Biotechnological interventions have been specifically addressed in order to make this book more distinct and relevant, in the present day context. This book will be useful to Biotechnologists, agriculture scientists, botanists, plant breeders, researchers, teachers & students of plant sciences.

The role of microorganisms in maintaining the dynamic equilibrium and integrity of biosphere is so critical that the continued existence of life is dependent on the sustained microbially mediated transformation of terrestrial, aquatic and atmospheric environments. Use of biofertilizers, biopesticides and biological nitrogen fixation have opened new vistas for sustainable management of available resources and have provided impetus to crop production. This book “Agricultural Microbiology” contains 11 articles on different areas of agricultural microbiology. Topics covered in the book are: The Soil Microorganisms and Rhizosphere; Liquid Bioinoculants – A technology for sustainable agriculture; VAM Fungi in Agricultural Soils; Legume-rhizobia-mycorrhiza Symbiosis; VAM Fungi in the Management of Soil Borne Pathogenes. Book also includes articles on – Biological Tools for Restoration of Limestone Mine Soils; Use of Botanicals to Control Plant Pathogenic Fungi; Biological Control of Invasive Alien Weeds and Microorganisms for Sustainability in Sericulture. Latest information is given in a chapter – Metagenomics – A new science of microbes. Comprehensive account of Role of Bacteria in Agriculture throw light on the importance of microbes in agriculture sector. This book will be useful to researchers, teachers and students of Microbiology, Agriculture, Botany and Zoology.

English Phonetics and Linguistics aims at the readers with the basic principles and concepts of the subject. Linguistics has, over the past few decades, grown into a multidimensional discipline interacting with such diverse areas of study as psychology, sociology, anthropology, palaeography, history, information science and so on. Much insight and knowledge about men’s linguistic behaviour have been gained recently through this interaction. However, the fact remains that before all else, one must be equipped thoroughly with the fundamentals of the subject without which it would be futile and suppress to venture into the complexities of communicational behaviour of man. This book seeks to introduce to the students the general elements of the subject in a lucid and easily comprehensible style. Beginning with the general discussion about the nature of language and communication, organs of speech and growth of phonetics, it goes on to describe the basic building block of speech, phonemes and morphemes, their organization and into system of various levels, syntax and syntactical processes, form-classes and constructional patterns. As a section on historical comparative linguistics discusses the immensely interesting journey of a language through evolutionary stages, grouping of different languages into families on the basis of “genetics affinities” and changes that occur in a language over the years.

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The influence of microorganisms in human life is both beneficial as well as detrimental also. Microorganisms are indispensable components of our ecosystem. The use of microbes to reduce pollutants, industrial wastes and household garbage is being given substantial importance these days. Microorganisms play an important role in the recycling of organic and inorganic material through their roles in the carbon, nitrogen and sulphur cycles, thus playing an important part in the maintenance of the stability of the biosphere. This book “Applications of Microbiology” provides a comprehensive and critical review of the work done on different areas of microbiology including health care, industry and biological warfare etc. The book contains 11 chapters which include information on: Probiotics; Development in metagenomics for useful microbial products; Biotechnological intervention for manipulation of rumen bacteria; DNA vaccines; Antimicrobial activity of some plants and phytomedicines to combat mycotic infections. A chapter cover information on Industrial aspects of amylase enzyme. Comprehensive account of Biological warfare throw light on the misuse of microbes at world level. Articles on Biosensors – concepts & applications; Deinacoccus radiodurans bacteria that withstands radiations and IPR & microbes have added value to the book. This book will be useful to researchers, teachers and students of Microbiology, Medical and Life Sciences.

The articles of this book covered the aspects like Diversity & Taxonomy, Ethnobotany & Pharmaceutical value, Essential oil & chemistry, Cultivation & Agrotechnology, Multiplication & Conservation, Pests & diseases, Pharmacology & Pharmacognosy, Economics & Marketing, Antimicrobial activity, End uses, etc., on a particular aromatic/spice plant taxon (either at Species or Generic level or a general review article). The contents include: Ethnobotany and Active components of Essential Oils of the Genus Cinnamomum Schaeffer used as Spices and Culinary products in Northeast India • Wild edible Aromatic plants of Northeast India • Cinnamomum pauciflorum, an additional and promising source of Cinnamon from Northeastern India • Aquilaria malaccansis Lamk. • Species diversity and Utility potential of Piper L in Northeast India • An overview of Cinnamon with reference to Northeast India • Systematics and Essential oils of Cinnamomum sulphuratum Nees from Northeast India • Commercial potentiality of Litsea cubeba oil of Indian origin • Taxonomy and Industrial prospects of Cinnamomum parthenoxylon Meissn complex growing in Northeast India • Essential Oil Industry in North-East India with special emphasis to Patchouli, Citronella and Lemongrass • Zingiberacean members of commercial importance in North East India with emphasis to essential oil and aroma chemicals • Essential oils of Indian Cassia • BLI-ARUN– New Hybrid Strain of Lemon Grass, a potential crop for rural industries • Fungal diseases of common Aromatic plants of Northeast India • Antimicrobial Activity of Plants and Microbes from Indo-Burma Eco-Zone • Leaf Epidermal characters of some chemotypes of Aromatic Plants of Northeast India • Petiole anatomy and foliar venation of the genus Cinnamomum Schaeffer of Northeast India • Advances in Propagation of few Aromatic and Spice plants of Eastern Himalaya • Advances in tissue culture activities of some priority Aromatic and Medicinal plants native to North East India • Insect Pests of Aromatic plants of Eastern Himalayas • Herbarium database of Aromatic plants of ‘Assam Herbarium’ (Botanical Survey of India, Shillong) collected from Northeastern India • Bibliographic accounts of some selected Aromatic Plants of Northeastern region of India • Index. This book will be useful to the research & academic institutions, various industries, agriculture and allied fields, as well as to exporters, processors, planters and to all those who are interested in Aromatic & Spice plants.

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Biological control has become an alternate and most important of plant disease management as chemical pesticides possess adverse effect on environment and human health. Biocontrol agents are useful organisms that reduce the adverse effects of phytopathogens and enhance positive response in the plant. Judicious use of biocontrol agents can significantly reduce use and subsequently cost of pesticides and thereby contribute to sustainable development of agriculture. The present book “Bioagents in Plant Disease Management” contains 17 articles covering information on bioagents which are being used in the management of plant diseases. Application of Trichoderma, Pseudomonas, AM Fungi in the management of important diseases have been reviewed. Book covers articles on: Current trends in biological control of plant diseases; Biocontrol with Trichoderma; Biomanagement of soil borne plant pathogens through fungal antagonists; Management of soil borne diseases of cotton through ecofriendly approaches; Biocontrol of fungal diseases of pigenopea & maize. Article on Biocontrol of post harvest diseases provide detailed information on the topic. Other major articles included in the book are on – Ecofriendly disease management in spice crops using microbial agents; Biological control of seed-borne fungal diseases of legumes; PGPR fungus & P. lilacinus in management of Meloidogyne sp.; Pseudomonas: A promosing novel biocontrol agent; Management of plant diseases through AM Fungi. Articles on Biological control of human pathogenic fungi and Biological control of Parthenium hysterophorus by Alternaria alternate have added value to the book. This book provides excellent glimpses of the biomanagement of plant diseases. This book provide authentic information on biological control of plant diseases. Book will be very useful to botanists, agricultural scientists, Plant Pathologists, farmers & students of plant sciences.

India is one of the 12 mega biodiversity countries of the world. It has a rich and varied heritage of biodiversity encompassing a wide spectrum of habitats. The rich biodiversity of India is under threat due to anthropogenic activities and change in global climate, as a result, its conservation requires utmost concern not only to safeguard the biological resources but also for the welfare of entire human being. The first Chapter Biodiversity and Environmental Monitoring deals with all aspects of Biodiversity, its value, threats and conservation. It also describes the biofertilizers and biopesticides in agro- ecosystem along with monitoring of environment. Agriculture is the backbone of Indian economy and 1/3 of national income is generated from forests and agriculture, allied sectors. The marketing of Indian Agriculture and extension programmes are extensively discussed. The forest types, integrated forest management and conservation etc., are dealt in Chapter 2 and 3. The growing human population is making ever increasing demands upon the earth's natural resources. In recent time, the Government of India is concentrating a lot on the harnessing of solar energy with latest technology and also tries to increase the biomass energy and hydrogen gas production. This has been emphasized in chapter 4 & 5. Wild life, in-situ and ex-situ conservation and developments are given in detail in the last chapter. The detailed account can be found on coral reefs, wetlands, mangroves, seed banks and botanical gardens. The book will be useful to UG & PG students of environment, forestry, botany and agriculture.

The biodiversity or biological diversity is the variety of life starting from genes to ecosystems and landscapes. The detailed concepts of types of biodiversity are explained in chapter 1. Chapter 2 deals with specific details of genetic diversity. Prof. Nameer, from Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur has contributed a chapter on biodiversity and conservation of mammals (chapter 3). The number of hotspots is being increased year after year which is sad news for wild lifers. A detailed account of two hotspots of India is narrated in chapter 4. Invasive alien species are threat to local biodiversity, a detailed account on invasive alien species of tropical region is given in chapter 5. Genetically modified crops and their diversity are given in chapter 6. Agricultural crops are affected by a variety of pests. The crop protection strategies are explained in chapter 7. In a given forest ecosystem plants and insects interact and co exists. The plant nectaries and associated insects are discussed in chapter 8. Another chapter on Alien species is also incorporated (chapter 9). Studies on parasites and predators are most interesting and complex. This aspect is covered in chapter 10. Termites are the gregarious insects having the ability to devour all the cellulose containing materials. Their diversity and density are described in chapter11. Eriophid mites caused severe loss to coconut plantation in south India during the last one decade. This aspect is discussed by Prof Manjunatha of University of Agricultural Sciences, Shimoga in chapter 12. Flower-bird interactions are explained by Prof Solomon Raju in chapter 14. Chapter 15 deals with fungal biodiversity in soils of mid Western Ghats.

Pollution is the contamination of the physical and biological components of the earth/atmosphere system to such an extent that normal environmental processes are adversely affected. Bioremediation is an option that offers the possibility to destroy or render harmless various contaminants using natural biological activity. Some examples of bioremediation technologies are bioventing, land farming, bioreactor, composting, bioaugmentation, rhizofiltration and biostimulation. The present book “Bioremediation of Wastes and Environmental Laws” incorporates articles on various aspects of pollution with special emphasis on Bioremediation, Phytoremediation and Environmental Laws of India. The book include articles on Pollution—causes, effects and solution; Microbial bioremediation of wastes; Phytoremediation—A novel approach for remediation of hazardous materials; Microbe assisted phytoremediation of fly ash and Bioremediation of waste material. A detailed chapter on Environmental laws of India provide sufficient information on the Consitutional provisions backed by a number of laws—acts, rules and notifications issued by Government of India time to time. This book will definitely serve not only as an excellent reference material but also as a practical guide for cleaning the polluted environment using the green technology. Book will be useful to environmentalists, lawyers, teachers and students interested in pollution management.

Biological Resources of a huge variety are available to the mankind since his origin and man has been using them for various purposes and growing them traditionally. He has increased their production many folds due to improved technologies. However, the exploding human population is creating severe crisis of several bio-resources. It is only the wise and planned management of these bio-resources which may lead to their un-interrupted supply. Articles in this book are focused deeply on the management of different bioresources, viz. food crops, forests, fodder, non-timber-forest-produce, medicinal plants, weeds and microbes etc. Some of them were presented in a National Seminar organized at the Government Girls Post Graduate Autonomous College at Sagar during 26-27 March 2011, but others have been written specially for this volume. Most papers are broad-based monographs but some are specific case studies, viz. cultivation and management of Pan (Piper betle) leaves, and Scientific harvesting of Achar (Buchanania lanzan) fruits for sustainable management. Thus, the book becomes very useful for Policy makers, Planners, Administrators, Researchers, Teachers and Students. The list of prominent contributors includes the names of Prof. Kailash Paliwal, Prof. M.D. Kharya, Prof. J.P.N. Pandeya, Dr. Pratibha Bhatnager, Dr. S.A. Faruqui, Dr. H.C. Jain, Dr. N. Kango, Dr. S.M. Kurmvanshi and Prof. A.K. Kandya.

The application of newer biotechnological techniques provides practical approaches for manipulation of living organisms for improvement of both the quality and quantity production. Appropriate application of biotechnological techniques will increasingly play a crucial role in ensuring an adequate world food supply, environmental management, industrial development and public health sector areas. The present book “Biotechnological Techniques and Its Application” incorporates articles on recent biotechnological techniques and their practical applications. This book contains twelve articles covering latest information on the subject and techniques. Articles included are Riboswitches : Versatile Regulators of Gene Expression; Genetic Engineering : An Overview; DNA Fingerprinting : Importance and Applications; Monoclonal Antibodies—Production, Perspective and Applications; Proteomics; Microarrays; Real Time PCR—Applications in Plant Sciences and Clinical Microbiology. Other useful articles—Alleviation of Micronutrient Deficiency in Cereal Foods through Biotechnological Approaches; Physiological, Biochemical and Molecular markers of Salinity Tolerance in Plants; Gene Transfer through Somatic Hybridization have added value to the book. This book provide adequate current information on recent biotechnological tools and techniques and its application. Book will be very useful for a variety of scholars, biotechnologists, medical doctors, agriculture scientists, researchers, teachers and students in the field of biotechnology.

Booker Prize Winner Indian English Novels: A Kaleidoscopic Study celebrates the laurels achieved by Salman Rushdie (Midnight’s Children - 1981), Arundhati Roy (The God of Small Things – 1997), Kiran Desai (The Inheritance of Loss – 2006) and Aravind Adiga (The White Tiger – 2008). These four novelists created an impact in the global scenario, thereby adding accolades to the literary output of India. The present volume, edited by Dr. Arvind Nawale and Dr. Vishwanath Bite brings together the critical and the thematic issues addressed in the aforesaid literary works. Each novel launches a new perspective to the concerns addressed. The critical essays have been precisely chosen so that readers can figure out the various segments associated with a particular novel. The milieu and the circumstances projected in the respective novel have been assessed in the light of critical theories and insights. This book will certainly be acclaimed and eventually shower esteem and admiration on the four Booker Prize Indian novelists.

If you want 10 days of happiness, grow grain. If you want 10 years of happiness, grow a tree and if you want 100 years of happiness, grow and manage people. Business Management is an essential task of each business organisation. It plays an important role in achieving the business objectives. This book covers the principle concepts of business management to provide students with a solid foundation for understanding the major issues. Business Management provides the essential insight necessary to understand and analyse the concepts, functions, techniques and principles of business management. Substantive coverage has been given to topics like planning, organising, leading, motivating and emerging challenges of management. The book describes all techniques of management after a detailed discussion of assumption and limitations of management. The main purpose of the book is to develop the knolwedge of the student regarding the subject matter. Contents : Business: Features and Scope of Business • Choice of Forms of Business Ownership • Nature and Significance of Management • Principles of Management • Planning • Decision Making • Organisation • Staffing • Leadership • Co-ordination • Directing • Motivation • Controlling • Communication • Schools of Management Thought • Authority • Bibliography

In my view, development is best understood as a fusion of biological, social and psychological processes interacting in the unique medium of human culture. I have thus tried to show not only the role each of these factors plays but also how they interact in diverse cultural context to yield this striking similarities and important differences in individual children’s development because development involves transformations that take place overtime. I have adopted a chronological approach in our presentation. I begin with conception and trace the sequence of developmental changes from that instant in to infancy, childhood and adolescence. The Contents includes: • Scientific Study of Behaviour • Factors in Development • Physical and Motor Development • Socialization • Learning and Perception • Emotions and Motivation • Language • Cognitive Stage • Intelligence • Social Behaviour•MoralDevelopment • Personality • Self • Adolescence • The Child, Home, School & Peer Group • Appendix : The Nursery School • Glossary • Selected Bibliography

Children are the important assets of the society. Every child has the right to enjoy his childhood. They have the right to education, play, recreation and development of their personality. But it is ‘harsh reality’ of the global society that out of 153 crore children, about 25 crore are ‘Child Labour’. They are working in hazardous, most worst forms and other works. Virtually it is a matter of gross violation of ‘Child Rights’. The concentration of child labourers in India is highest in the world. This harsh reality of the society is fostered by many socio-economic and cultural factors. In India, state intervention to eliminate child labour have been basically of two types—the ‘legislative interventions’ and the ‘welfare interventions’. More than 4000 ‘Special Schools’ are active in 100 child labour endemic districts spread over 13 states of India. Such schools are educating and rehabilitating more than 2 lakhs child labourers. The present book is a honest effort in this regard just to present a ‘comprehensive picture’ about the complex and gigantic problem of child labour in India. The book is a collection of 19 academic and research papers contributed by many scholars from different universities of India. The papers are grouped into following four sub parts. Part I Child Labour : General Issues Part II Child Labour : Causes, Conditions and Forms Part III Child Labour : Regional Studies Part IV Child Labour : Combating Child Labour This book will be useful for students, academicians, researchers, NGOs, trade unions and governmental agencies.

Child Marriage is a matter of great concern today, especially for state like Rajasthan, which accounts for more tan half of the rural females married below 18 years. The practice makes them more vulnerable and deprived. This book is written with the objective to develop understanding on plight of rural women in context of child marriage. The content of this book enlighten the most important and empirical data on age at marriage and highlights socio-cultural determinants and psycho-social consequences of child marriage. This book would be useful for academicians, researchers, students policy planners, and for all those who feel concerned with the women and children. Besides, the women activists and NGOs will find this book most informative and useful.

In the men’s world women have exclusive existence. But this is a new perception. And the exclusive space is not only claimed, it is being acquired. Post-Modernity notion of equity is at the top of the feminist agenda. Apart from this equity programming, our concern is not less important if we take in to account which is popularly known as crime against women. Is it different from crime against men? Men commit crime against men but men look at women as a soft target, not only outside home and beyond, no wonder within home itself. Women are exploited intimately. This book addresses macro sensitivity plus micro manifestation. With crime perspective the book is based on integral approach moving simultaneously towards rural and urban regions, higher and lower segments of women; those enjoying campus and those working in the field, those who are working in the office and those who are house-wives, those who are wage workers, those who are daughters and those who are daughter-in-laws. This provides ample raw data and direction for fresh research.

Indian English literature is very resonant and elegant literature among regional literatures in India and among other literatures around the globe. The rapid growth of this literature is amazingly wonderful. Some literary legends and all time great writers like R.N. Tagore. R.K. Narayan, M.R. Anand, Raja Rao, Anita Desai etc. are prettiest feathers in the cap of Indo-Anglian literature. This progress has been a saga of a colourful procession in the field of fiction, poetry and drama. In this critical anthology several scholars have tried to explore and detect this odyssey of Indian English literature. There are a good number of articles in the present anthology contributed by writers from different walks of life-professors, lecturers, poets, critics, and research scholars etc. Some of the writers analysed are Mulk Raj Anand, Amitav Ghosh, Salman Rushdie, Mahesh Dattani, Girish Karnad, Arun Joshi, Jayanta Mahapatra, Kamla Das, Shashi Deshpande, Namita Gokhale, Bharati Mukherjee, Taslima Nasrin, Kiran Desai, Nayantara Sahgal, Anita Desai and D.C. Chambial. It is hoped that the book will be of great help to the students, researchers and teachers of English literature and will even appeal to those interested in Indian English literature.

During the last decade, the advancement in plant biology have led to the development of newer areas due to new technologies available for improvement of plants. The present book “Current Trends in Plant Biology” contains 13 chapters by eminent scholars on different aspects of the subject. This book contain articles on—An integrative molecular cell biological approach for understanding early intracellular responses of living plant cells for environmental cues; Plant nitric oxide synthases—A versatile regulator & signaling molecule; Auxin transport and lateral root formation and calmodulin and their role in abiotic stresses. Review articles on—RNA Helicases; Photomorphogenesis—The interplay of negative & positive regulators; Some observations on molecular chaperones of Neurospora crassa provide detailed information on the subject. Articles on terminator gene technology; Floral diversity in orchids; Role of Bryophyte in the nutrient cycling and review on germplasm conservation have added to the value of book. This book provides excellent glimpses on the Current Trends of Plant Biology. The present book will be useful for the researchers to update their information on the topics dealt within this book. Book will be also useful to students, teachers and researchers in the field of Plant Biology.

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"These days no body is interested in the origin and myth of the Indian caste system or to be more specific Hindu Caste System. Its positive note on ideals does not attracts even for a moment. We are committed to achieving the goal of casteless society. Although this goal is far away. In this book, efforts are being made to tell as to how painful it is to be a Dalit. Imperciptible ideals remain meaningless in the light of data telling story of crime against humanity. This book gives an overview of magnitude of atrocities against Dalits, covering social intercourse and marriage, atrocities related to land, stress and strain in rural social transformation. Attempt has been made to underline pattern of atrocity across the regions and sub-social and cultural areas like Rajasthan and Bihar. Rangdari in Bihar and Chauth in Rajasthan make interesting contrast. Similarly, caste senas in Bihar are militant in nature, whereas most caste associations in Rajasthan work for socio-cultural goals. The book will be useful to the teachers and sudents of Political Science, Sociology & Dalit Studies. "

This The book focuses on the interrelationship of water resources, management and economic development. It minutely analyses the status of water availability, accessibility and its uses. Further, it elaborates on various benefits like economic, health and several others, generated through water. Moreover, diverse indices like Water Poverty Index (WPI), Hydrological Water Stress Indicator (HWSI), and Social Water Scarcity Index (SWSI) have been calculated to assess the severity of water problem and also to ascertain their important determinants of water poverty and water accessibility. This study also reflects over the water resources and economic development of Rajasthan with special reference to Jaipur district and it draws attention to the decline of water availability in the district to the extent that it is on the brink of turning into a water scarcity zone. It is an excellent guide to interdisciplinary and wide-ranging knowledge on water. It carefully draws comparison on water problems in background of India and other countries. This book is an indispensable reference tool for all scholars and students of development economics, natural resources management, infrastructure planning, geography, demography and environment education.

Plant diseases were known to man when organized agriculture came into existence and when man had to move to other areas in search of food. In spite of many thousand years of progress in human civilization, based on great scientific advances and also the opening of new frontiers in scientific agriculture, it remains a stark truth even today that a very large proportion of world population still remains underfed, undernourished or even starved. Disease is a state of abnormality, which develops through interaction of a host and parasite under suitable environmental conditions. The plant diseases can be efficiently controlled by the application of chemicals such as fungicides, bactericides, insecticides etc., but these are not permanent methods and on the contrary they pollute the environment and at times are hazardous to human health. Hence, there is need to reduce the load of synthetic chemical pesticides in an effort to provide for safer foods and a cleaner environment. Development of breeding of disease resistant varieties of crop plants is also an efficient, practically feasible and economically ideal method of disease management. Now more use of physical methods, bio-pesticides and exploitation of native plant resources in plant protection is needed. Scientists world over have paid attention to develop eco-friendly and non-hazardous means of plant disease control. This book, Eco-friendly and non-hazardous Management of Plant Diseases is a unique and comprehensive book with critical reviews in the area. The book contains 24 chapters which include information regarding management of plant diseases caused by fungi, bacteria, nematodes and insects mainly of cereals, pulses, spices, vegetables, fruits mushrooms etc. The various eco-friendly management measures discussed include use of physical and cultural methods of microbial antagonists, botanicals, VAM fungi etc. The book shall be of a great help to teachers, researchers, students and persons engaged in the field of Seed Technology, Plant Pathology, Seed Pathology, Horticulture, Agro-forestry, Entomology, Nematology and others interested in different branches of Botany and Agriculture.

Economic Microbiology encompasses a broad complex area of study. It includes uses of microorganisms to produce a number of economically important food, feed and chemicals. In plain language easy to comprehend by a wide range of scholars and students, but without sacrificing the scientific value, the book starts with fermentative microbial production of bread, pickles, sauerkraut, silage and dairy products. Different pathways of single cell protein and lipids synthesis are discussed. Cultivation and management of mushroom is explained. Production techniques of various flavor compounds are then discussed. Contamination and microbial spoilage of food is also explained along with isolation, identification, pathogenesis, clinical features and association with food of various food born infections and intoxicants. Separate chapters are included on microbial production and recovery of acetic acid, citric acid, glutamic acid, lysine, vitamins, protease, cellulase, lipase, antibiotics, 2,3-butanediol, acetone and butanol, ergot alkaloids, beer, wine, whisky, gin and champagne. The book also includes chapters on biosynthesis and properties of exopolysaccharides; steroid transformations; downstream processes; biosynthesis of bioplastic; nitrogenase; production techniques of mycorrhiza; production and storage of biopesticides; and composting. Each chapter is self-contained and self-explanatory. The book will serve as an advance text and reference book for students, teachers and research workers engaged in diverse fields of microbiology, biochemistry, food microbiology and industrial microbiology

This is a unique and comprehensive book with critical reviews in the areas of non-chemical pest management, organic management of pest, ICT based networking of pest management etc. The book includes chapters on IPM in Major Oilseed Crops; Management of Insect Pests of Pulse Crops through Eco-friendly Techniques; Non-Chemical Pest Management in Cultivation of Important Flowers in Himalayan Sikkim; Utilization of Entomopathogenic Fungi for the Integrated Management of Insect Pests; Organic Management of Insect Pests in Cotton; Biodiversity in Pupulations of Heterodera avenae in Inida; Insect Pest Management of Major Crops under Aberrant Weather Conditions of Semi-arid Areas; Storage Pests and Some Aspects Related to their Management. Aspects covering Genericaly Modified Crops for Pest Management; Fruit Flies and their Management with Special Reference to Cue Lure Delivery System as Male Annihilitation Technique and Posion Bait Application Technique in Cucurbit Crops; Disinfestations of Horticultural Produce: To Facilitate Export; Global Warming and its Impact on Insect-Pest Complex in Oilseeds Crops; New Trends in Breeding Crops for Insect Resistance; SOME Statistical Techniques for Agricultural Research have been specially included to project their use in 21st century & lastly ICT Based Networking for Effective Implementation of Plant Protection Practices enable us to maintain a systematic record of pest apperance which can be used in the development of prediction models in the future. The book will be useful to researchers, teachers & students of Entomology, Plant Pathology, Botany & Agriculture.

This book expresses various dynamics of business communication. Following a reader friendly approach, it provides comprehensive coverage of basic concepts and principles of communication relevant to students and highlights its formats and modalities in current use. All relevant dimensions of communication from learner's perspective, find lucid coverage here. Topics of this book as prescribed for the students of Engineering, Business Management and other professional courses of various universities are duly covered. This book will be useful to the students of B.Tech and MBA. Various guidelines, hints and practical suggestions offered in the book enhance its utility for technical communication. I added contents on communication technology and its role in business communication. Besides, the text provides a valuable guidance to any individual who is keen or wants to improve his communication skills. We have chosen those topics that seem to be most helpful to the students' developing and understanding of the way we communicate. Our goal is to produce the most complete and usable book in the market. This volume has been written in a simple language and easy to understand style. Thus, the entire book is intended to give a comprehensive yet quick grasp of communication skills.

English Grammar and Composition by Vikrant Sehgal is a complete, comprehensive and practical book. It has been innovatively designed to address the requirements of beginners, average and advanced learners for the solution of their problems. The rules of grammar discussed in detail have been supplemented in tabular form. Exercises have been carefully planned and graded for different levels of students: simple ones for beginners, slightly tough for the intermediate and brainstorming for advanced learners. The book deals with simpler but fundamental topics like tenses, voices, narration, articles etc. and the most frequented grammatical mistakes made by foreign students of English. Emphasis is also laid on building up of word power of students by teaching them phrasal verbs, idioms and phrases. It aims at enhancing students’ understanding, capability and command over different facets of grammar and composition through discussion of common errors involving intricate grammatical structures and advanced vocabulary. Paragraph, Essay and Letter Writing hone their ability to write better English. The genesis of the book is well researched and based on author’s interactive teaching of U.G. and P.G. students. Drill exercises annexed with solutions take the students closer to the cherished goal of glorious success.

English Language Usage and ELT surveys the major approaches and methods in language usage and teaching. It surveys the major approaches and methods in language teaching, such as grammar translation, audiolingualism, communicative language teaching, and the natural approach. The text examines each approach and method in terms of its theory of language and language learning, goals, syllabus, teaching activities, teacher and learner roles, materials, and classroom techniques. In addition to the approaches and methods covered, this book also includes new chapters on topics such as whole language, Major Theoretical terms, Semantics and semiotics, multiple intelligences, competency-based language teaching, cooperative language learning, content-based instruction, task-based language teaching, and the Post-Methods Era. Teachers and teachers-in-training will discover that this book is a comprehensive survey and analysis of the major and minor teaching methods used around the world. The book seeks not only to clarify the assumptions behind English Language usage and teaching and their similarities and differences, but also to help teachers and students to explore their own beliefs and practices in language teaching.

The present anthology of critical essays on English poets in India, old and new, is an attempt to present critical essays from the Pre-Independence poets, like Noble laureate Rabindranath Tagore and Toru Dutt –the prodigy poet who died young; via Post-Independence poets like Ruskin Bond, Kamala Das, Shiv K. Kumar and O.P. Bhatnagar to contemporary poets who came to the scene in the last quarter of the Twentieth Century and thereafter. Among this category the poets included are IK Sharma, RK Singh, Maha Nand Sharma, Niranjan Mohanty, Pasupati Jha, and R. C. Shukla besides the poets who deserve critical appraisal like Mahendra Bhatnagar, Nar Deo Sharma, KB Rai and Suman Sachar. The article on the poetry of Himachal Pradesh is an eagle eye survey of the English poetry being written there.

The present book is an attempt on the part of authors to help and guide all those graduates, postgraduates housewives and public in general of any age who want to become entrepreneurs. The book has covered all the areas from Basics of Entrepreneurship to Steps towards entrepreneurship, Formalities in enterprise setting, Support system for small enterprises, Forms of organisation, Interface with existing entrepreneurs, Small business management, Bookkeeping and accountancy, Management of money, costing and pricing, Laws, Organising employees for better performance, Developing business contacts, Selling and salesmanship, Production planning and control, Business monitoring and control, Time Management for small business and Business plans. To motivate them ‘Success Stories of leading entrepreneurs’ and ‘Words of Wisdom’ are also given at the end of the book.

CONCERN for the environment and its protection is growing day by day. People have at last begun to realise that indiscriminate exploitation of the earth's resources and pollution-creating practices have resulted in making nature's environmental balance topsy-turvy with dangerous consequences for the future of mankind . This book discusses the economics of environmental planning and management and approaches the subject from the angle of the economist. There is a widespread belief that environmental protection and conservation is a very expensive process and thus economically non-viable. This belief has been demolished and an attempt has been made to not only lay out a route map for environmental economics but also make it easy for students and teachers of the subject. To this end, the chapters include Environmental economics: An Introduction; Economic Growth and Quality of the Environment; Environmental Information and Audit; General Equilibrium Model of Environmental Quality; Environmental Liability; Sustainable Economic Growth, Production and Development; Environmental Values and Benefit Estimation; Measuring Economic Benefits from Market Data; Measuring Economic Benefits from Non-Market Data; Conservation in Less Developed Countries; Environmental studies in India. Thus, all those concerned with environmental conservation, environmental protection, policy makers and planners will find this book useful to enhance their knowledge and also achieve a clear perspective of the subject.

With the number of international tourist arrivals now surpassing over 800 million people per annum and expected to reach over 1600 million by 2020, tourism has consequences for the natural environments and communities it comes into contact with. This book reflects changes in the relationship between tourism, society and the natural environment in the first decade of the new century. Alongside the updating of all statistics, environmental policy initiatives, examples and case studies new material has been added. This book is divided in four major sections which focus on different aspect of Environmental Impacts of Tourism. The first section deals the tourism and its impact on global and regional environment. The next section goes straight to the Tourism and its Impact on Natural Resources Issues. The third section reviews the Tourism and its Impact on Threats to Specific Resources. The fourth and the last section deals the Tourism and its Impact on Economy, Inland areas, Historic and Cultural Resources. The book is original in taking a holistic view of the tourism system and how it interacts with the natural environment, illustrating the positive and negative effects of this relationship, and importantly how tourism can be planned and managed to encourage natural resource conservation and aid human development. The book will give you the real picture of what’s happening in around the world with regard to tourism and environment. The present book is an attempt towards enlighting and awaking students and general readers to understand the complexities of our environment and spread the message as to what we should do and what we should not do to protect our planet earth. It is amazing as to how concerned citizens can effect the changes. It will be useful to policy makers, environmentalists, NGOs, the tourism industry, research scholars and students in the field of environmental valuation, tourism management, and all those interested in the related study.

World population explosion, nuclear explosion, deforestation, agricultural practices and industrial activities etc. have subsequently lead, through ages, to severe pollution like biopollution, gaseous pollution etc., threatening the very existence of life on this globe. It has also resulted in global warming, green house effect and what not. The present book “Environmental Pollution : Causes, Mitigation and Recycling” incorporates critical articles on various facets of pollution and its possible management strategies. There are 12 chapters covering information on various types of pollution and its management and also reuse of treated wastes. The book includes articles on gaseous pollutants and plants; phenol pollution—causes and mitigation; fate of volatile organic compounds in biological treatment systems; study of coastel water quality through space technology; coastal ecosystem—environmental threats and management; high rate anaerobic wastewater treatment using the UASB bioreactor etc. Other article included are on the effect of papermill effluent on soil and crops; papermill and distillary effluent used as a potential fertilizer after tertiary treatment & utilization of night soil compost in agriculture. Articles on global warming verses climate changes; wastelands in India and their biological reclamation and biotechnological approaches to control pollution have added value to the book. Articles assembled in this volume consist of a unique collection of review papers on the subject and this merits special discussion on the state-of-the art data.

In nature, natural resources might be renewable or non-renewable; use of either of these forms beyond their rate of replacement is considered to be resource depletion. Sustainable development is a pattern of resource use that aims to meet human needs while preserving the environment so that these needs can be met not only in the present, but also for future generation, thereby involving the environment, local people and the future. The environmental problems throughout the world are growing rapidly due to growing population as well as rapid industrialization resulting environmental degradation of resources. The present book incorporates critical articles of various aspects of environmental threat, and their possible mitigation, the causes and effects of’ natural resource depletion and subsequent management strategies involving local people so that the needs can be met not only for the present but also for future generation. The book includes articles on: Global warming—A serious threat to the planet earth; Acid rain—An invisible environmental threat; Non-conventional energy—Progress and prospects in India; Innovation in technology development for sustainable use of non-timber forest products for livelihood security of forest dependent communities in tropical forests; Atmospheric ozone—Life saving as well as harmful pollutant; Resource augmentation, sustainable harvesting limit and sustainable management of some commercially important plant species; Sustainability and sustainable harvesting of medicinal and aromatic plants; and Biodiversity in India: Loss and conservation. This volume will definitely serve not only as an excellent reference material but also as a guide for teachers, research scholars, students in the field of environmental sciences.

In India, more than 1800 plants belonging to different families of Angiosperms are used for their therapeutic efficacy. There are still big gaps in the work of completing an exhaustive inventory of the medicinal plants of India. There is at the moment no exhaustive and reliable inventory available of all the medicinal plants of India used by all the different ethnic communities in different ecosystems. The present book “Ethnic Tribes & Medicinal Plants” contains 18 articles by eminent scholars of the country on different aspects of the subjects. This book contains articles on Ethnomedicinal plants of different states of India including Rajasthan, Tamilnadu, Tripura, Nagaland, Orissa, Assam, Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, North-East India etc. It also covers information on ethnomedicinal plants used by Garasia, Kani, Naga, Bhil, Deories, Mishings, Mawasi and Tai Ahom tribes. Book covers articles on medicinal plants used for curing Asthma, Hepatic disorders, Gynecological disorders, Malaria, Antipyretic and skin diseases. Articles on plants used in Magico-religious belief and Ethno-medico-botanical note on traditional remedy have added to the value of the book. Present book provides excellent glimpses of the rich herbal medicine and traditional knowledge heritage of India. The present book will serve not only as an excellent reference material but also as a practical guide for herbal healers, vaidhyas, Hakims, research workers and students in the field of medicinal plants.

Feminism recognizes the inadequacy of male-created ideologies and struggles for the spiritual, economic social and racial equality of women. Feminism in Contemporary Indian Women Writers is a latest attempt ot explore and criticise the Indian Women Writers. The anthology covers a unique collection of twenty five scholarly papers from eminent scholars of India. The Indian Women Writers analysed in this anthology are: Anita Desai, Manju Kapur, Shashi Deshpande, Shobha De, Jhumpa Lahiri, Kamala Markandaya, Ruth Prawer Jhabvala, Arundhati Roy, Radhika Jha and Nayantara Sahgal. On the whole the anthology covers a fairy comprehensive ground. It is hoped that the anthology will be of great help to the students, reserachers and scholars of English literature and will even appeal to those interested in Indian Women Writers.

It is apparent that indigenous fermentations improve the digestibility and nutritional value of various foods and contribute towards the nutritional well-being of the world population. Due to the uncontrolled increase of Indian population and rising cost of milk and other proteins of animal origin, the consumption of fermented foods is expected to increase in future in view of the protein malnutrition particularly among the people belonging to the low income group. Since fermentations also produce meat-like flavour and texture in vegetable foods, the products prepared by controlled fermentations can provide a cheaper alternative to feed the additional segments of low income group in developing countries. The contents include: • Introduction to Fermented Foods • Legume-based Fermented Foods • Starch-based Fermented Foods • Indian Fermented Mixed Preparations • Baked Foods • Fermented Meat and Fish Products • Tea Fermentation • Coffee Fermentation • Cocoa Fermentation • Introduction to Fermented Milks • Fermented Milk Products • Microbiology of Cheese • Commercial Manufacture of Cheeses • Introduction to Fermented Vegetables and Fruits • Sauerkraut • Pickles and Olives • Vinegar • Ethyl Alcohol • Fermented Alcoholic Beverages • Distilled Beverage Spirits • Microbial Surfactants in Food Applications • Ensilage This book will prove of great help to students pursuing U.G. or P.G. courses in Food Science and Technology, Dairy Science and Technology, Agriculture and Veterinary Science, Home Sciences, Food Nutrition, Home Economics as well as other basic science courses (Microbiology, Biotechnology, Biochemistry, Chemistry, Environmental Science etc.) where this subject forms a part of its applied biotechnology curricula. It will also provide first-hand information to professionals engaged in food bio-processing industries.

Functional foods are foods that give therapeutic benefits to hosts in addition to nutrition. Dairy foods and ingredients in general and fermented milk products in particular are well recognized for their nutritional and therapeutic attributes and as functional foods. The market of functional foods, in particular fermented milk products is expected to triple in next five years world over because fermented milks possess many advantages like easy production, better keeping quality and nutritive value, easier digestibility, pleasing flavour and taste as well as strong therapeutic potentials. The contents of book include: 1. Introduction 2. Manufacture of Fermented Milk Products. 3. Fundamentals of Cheese Processing 4. Production Technology of Cheeses 5. Ice-cream and Desserts 6. Butter and Dairy Spreads 7. Whey, Casein and Caseinates 8. Health Benefits of Probiotic Bacteria 9. Quality Testing of Dairy Products 10. Microbiological Evaluation of Milk Products 11. Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point – HACCP 12. Keeping Quality Assessment for Milk 13. Indian Milk-based Dishes 14. Bibliography & Index This book will prove of great help to students pursing U.G. and P.G. courses in Dairy Science and Technology, Food Science and Technology, Agriculture and Veterinary Science, Home Sciences and Home Economics as well as other basic science courses (Microbiology, Biotechnology, Biochemistry, Food Nutrition) where this subject forms a part of its applied microbiology curricula.

Presently food industry imploys bio based processes which account of 95 per cent of the industrial applications of living systems. The total annual turnover in bio based processes can be assumed to be over 100 billion dollars, constituting major share from alcholic fermented beverages and fermented milk and food products. Food technology, or, better, food process enginering, Should be based on a profound understanding of the physical or (bio) chemical mechanisms, underlying the processes and conversions related to food processing. Microbial activity in fermented food makes them more attractive in terms of appreance and flavours; more appetizing and easily digestible’ enhancing keeping qualities and shelf-life and providing calories, vitamins, enzymes, etc. The present book “Food Bioprocessing” attempts to explain basic concepts involved in food-processing industry and should prove of help to all students and professionals engaged in food-processing industry and business. The cotents include: 1. The Overview of Food Microbiology 2. Principles of Human Nutrition 3. Fermented Foods 4. Biosurfactants in Food Bioprocessing 5. Probiotics 6. Quality Criteria for Foods 7. Quality Assurance and Production Control in Food-Processing Industry 8. Microbial Analysis of Food 9. Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points Appendix A : Application of Genetic Engineering in Food Bioprocessing Appendix B: Microbial Biomass : Single-Cell Protein Appendix C: Traditional Fermented Foods of India Bibliography & Index This book is useful to students pursuing U.G. and P.G. courses in Food Science and Technology, Home Science, Food Nutrition, Home Economics as well as other basic science courses (Microbiology, Biotechnology, Biochemistry, Chemistry, Environmental Sciences) where this subject forms a part of its applied biotechnology curricula.

Since the 1980s health-conscious consumers, especially in developed countries, have been concerned about the possible adverse effects that “harshly preserved” food might have on their health and on the health of future generations. The philosophy of consumers has changed from, “How long will I live?” to “How well will I live?”, which in turn has shifted the desire of these consumers to nutritious, natural, and minimally processed foods that have not been subjected to “harsh processing” or “harsh preservation” techniques. Due to changes in socio-economic patterns and life styles, many consumers are also interested in foods that have a long shelf-life and take very little time to prepare. The suitablity of several nonthermal processing and preservation methods are being searched to produce such foods. Various conventional and modern food preservation methods, are elaborately explained and discussed in this book. This book includes • The Growth of Food Microbiology • Principles of Human Nutrition, • Fundamentals of Microbial Control, • Significance of Cleaning and Sanitation, • Food Preservation using High-Temperature Methods • Food Preservation using Low-Temperature Methods • Food Preservation by Reducing Water Activity, • Food Preservation using Radiation Methods • Food Preservation using Organic Acids • Food Preservation using Antimicrobial Preservatives • Food Preservation by Modified Atmosphere • Food Preservation using Physical Removal Methods • Food Preservation using New Nonthermal Methods • Hurdle Concept and • Microbial Analysis of Food. The book should prove to be an useful source of information for the students of food microbiology, food science and technology, food biotechnology, home science, agriculture, horticulture, environmental sciences, hotel and catering management as well as other food related courses. This book will also be useful for the people who are working in food-processing, catering houses and food research institutes.

The functions of management uniquely describe managers jobs. The most commonly cited functions of management are planning, organizing, leading and controlling, although some identify additional functions. The functions of management define the process of management as distinct from accounting, finance, marketing and other business functions. These functions provide a useful way of classifying information about management and most management text since the 1950’s have been organised around a functional framework. Functional Management is the best way to integrate this approach throughout an organization. Aimed at understanding and anticipating the needs of an organisation’s with present and future requirements this innovative book shows how functional management links people, process, technology to optimize and enterprise revenue and profits by first utilising the functions of an organisation. Contents include : Human Resource Management, Financial Management, Production Management, Material Management, Bibliography. The book will be useful for teachers and students of B.Com., BBA, BBM, MBA of different Indian Universities.

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The present book is designed for degree and post graduate students of all Indian universities. The book comprises various environmental problems encountering today at global level. The major environmental issues—The Green house effect, Climate change, Ozone depletion, Global warming, Air pollution, Water pollution, Soil pollution, Noise pollution etc, have been considered and given. The book also provide control measures of Air, Water, Soil and Noise pollution in detail. For providing environmental awareness among our people, the educational institutions have a major role to play; especially universities being centres for excellence and higher learning, they have a special responsibility to transfer pertinent knowledge on various emerging global, regional and local environmental problems to young generations so that they can develop wisdom to work for sustainable development. Keeping this in view and environmental changes the “Global Environmental Issues” has been compiled to cater to the immediate needs of the students, researchers, faculty members of Environment, Botany, Geography in India and abroad.

In a globalized economic environment, where the economies of the world have been closely integrated, no country can claim that it has not been affected by the crisis. The crisis has not spared any country, both developed and developing, from falling into a trap. India is no exception in this regard. The impact of the crisis has been huge on the country. There has been a decline in the exports and this has primarily affected the external sector of the economy. The Indian economy had achieved a remarkable growth in the past few years, but it appears that, a gulf would emerge between the recent past and future performance of the economy due to the financial crisis. This book contains 20 papers focusing on varied impact of Global Crisis on Indian Economy, penned with an in-depth analysis by academics, and research scholars drawn from all over Tamil Nadu and duly edited by a renowned author. This is, perhaps, the first of its kind in providing rich and relevant information on Indian Economy, which hitherto remained as “forbidden fruit”. All these papers invariably highlight the emerging trends and the impact of Global crisis on Indian Economy. The papers basically deal with inter-related structural facets. The book will be of immense help to all those interested in the study of new innovations in Indian Economy in the changing global business scenario.

"The book includes 24 chapters covering the syllabi of B. Sc. and M. Sc. courses in most of the Indian universities. The contents include: • Terminology of Plant Description; • How to Describe an Angiospermic Plant; • Floral Formula & Floral Diagram; • Morphology of Inflorescence and Modified Leaf, Stem & Root; • Introduction to Taxonomy & Classification; • Taxonomic Structures & Characters; • Botanical Keys, their Use and Construction; • BSI, Botanical Garden, Herbarium & Taxonomic Associations of India; • Taxonomic Literatures; • ICBN; • Morphology in Relation to Taxonomy; • Modern approach to Taxonomy; • Morphological Characters, Comparative Systematic Position, Affinities & Economic Importance of Selected Angiospermic Family; • Morphology of Vegetative/Floral Parts of Selected Angiospermic Family; • Range of Floral Structures in Some Angiospermic Family; • Comparison of Some Selected Angiospermic Family; • Origin & Evolution of Angiosperms; • Rare, Endangered, Vulnerable, Endemic & Extinct Plants of Northeast India; • Salient Morphological & Embryological Features of Some Carnivorous & Parasitic Angiospermic Families; • Food Plants; • Plant Products Used as Food; • Plant Products of Industrial Value; • Bamboo, Canes & Timber Plants; • Aromatic, Spice & Medicinal Plants • Selected Bibliography • Index. The Book will be helpful to the teachers and students of Botany, Plant Sciences and allied disciplines. "

Vegetable crops, the important component of horticulture play a vital role in providing food and nutrient security which are required in daily diet of both rich and poor. An attempt has been made to organize this book in such a way that it will be useful to every on interested in the world of vegetables particularly those increasing number of people who are concerned with both underutilized and exotic vegetables. The contents of this publication have been dealt with 26 chapters covering varied topics on vegetable growing. To intensify on the awareness about the vast resources of the vegetable crops available in the world, their economic importance, culture and uses, the first step dealt on the introduction, maintenance and assessment of vegetable crops and their varieties with strict quarantine for imported seed materials. For successful vegetable cultivation, the growers, students and researchers should have sufficient knowledge on morphology and physiology of vegetable crops, production of quality seeds and planting materials, vegetable farming, plant nutrition and growth regulations, cultural practices, control of weeds, insect pests and diseases. Apart from these, nursery management, soil and climatic requirements, crop improvement, hybrid technology, cropping systems, physiological disorders, training and pruning are some other very important aspects covered. To enhance vegetable production, adoption of modern technologies like vegetable cultivation organically, in river bed and under protected condition; Precision and Diversified farming; applications of Indigenous Technical Knowledge (ITK); Integrated Pest Management (IPM) and Integrated Disease Management (IDM); vegetable cultivation in containers and saline water; hydroponic vegetable cultivation; development of growth simulating models; proper handling, storage, packaging and transportation are necessary. The last chapter on ‘Genera of Vegetable Crops’ comprising of 405 genera and more than 750 species of major and minor vegetables found in different parts of the world with special reference to taxonomic details, origin and distribution, climate and soil, cultivation practices and importance and uses. It can be humbly claimed that such exclusive and elaborate information in various aspects of large number of vegetable crops in a single publication of its first kind and this publication will be useful to the students, teachers, teachers, scientists, researchers, technologists, planners, amateurs, farmers, commercial vegetable growers, processors and exporters

This invaluable treatise, the most comprehensive publication in the field so far unfolds wealth of information on the wild edible diversity comprising of 323 plant species belonging to 213 genera and 99 diverse families from the region of North-West Himalaya. The textural matter illustrated with beautiful colour photographs, 20 figures, 41 tables and 2 appendices, enhance the value of the book significantly. The information contained would be an invaluable asset for Students, Researchers, Teachers and Scientists in Traditional and Agricultural Universities, Plant Breeding, Economic Botany and Crop Improvement and Plant Genetic Resources Research Institutions, Mountain & Jungle Lovers, Hikers, Trekkers, Plant Explorers, Holiday Makers, Army Soldiers, ITBP, Border Security Forces and Commandos operating in inaccessible areas and laymen alike. It is, therefore hoped that this vital reference will be the definitive guide for our food security and alleviation of poverty and malnutrition. No institutional library should be without it.

This monograph, the most comprehensive publication in the field so far, affords scientists, researchers, students and laymen alike valuable information from disparate sources to form a highly structured work of reference to the world at large. The main text deals with 988 plant species belonging to 649 genera under 164 families of which 796 are used for cuts and wounds, 208 for bone fracture and 97 for sores. Apart from systematic enumeration of plants in the alphabetical order, updated botanical names and synonyms; colour photographs, tables and appendices have also been included, which enhance the value of the compilation significantly. No botanical library should be without it. The contents include: 1. Introduction: Plants & Plant Based Medicaments; Wounds, Sores & Bone Fracture; Current Status on Phytomedicines used for Wounds, Sores & Healing of Bones; Enumeration. 2. Healing Herbs for Wounds, Sores & Bones. 3. Epilogue. 4. Literature Cited. V. Appendices (Index to Total Number of Genera and Species Under Various Divisions of Plant Kingdom for Wounds, Sores and Healing of Bones - Appendix I; Index to Families of Plants Used as Herbal Remedies for Wounds, Sores and Healing of Bones - Appendix II; Index to Plants and Their Part/s Used as Herbal Remedies for Wounds, Sores and Healing of Bones - Appendix III. Audience: Students and scholars of Ethnobotany, Economic Botany, Pharmacists, Medical Practitioners, Chemists, Biotechnologists, Corporate Houses, Plant Genetic Research Institutions, Policy Planners etc.

Many organizations in India are now threatened with manpower obsolescence. To withstand this, HRD activities have now received prime importance. For any dynamic growth-oriented organization to survive in a fast changing environment, HRD activities play a very crucial role. The need for HRD arises out of the development objectives of the organization. No organization can grow and survive without the growth and development of its people. This book “Human Resource Development” gives a clear understanding of various facts related to Human resource and their development. This book is for the students of post graduation but this is useful for a common man also who is not well known to the concept of human resource and its development. The book is divided in eight chapters and every chapter is supplemented with review questions for better understanding of the subject and helps in quick revision. Each chapter provides an understanding of the human resource in the complex dynamic environment of today. The whole subject matter has been presented in simple language and lucid style. The presentation of each chapter is more logical, starting with basic issues of each topic and then moving on to refined matters. This book begins with the chapter which deals with the Human Resource aspect. The first chapter covers the topic like Human Resource; Importance of Human Resource in Organization, etc. and a brief concept of Development are also given. Then further chapter covers the concept, mechanism, need and evolution of Human Resource Development. Subsequent chapter are on personality talks about the meaning and concept of personality, personality pattern, molding personality pattern, evaluation of personality, etc. Next half of the book covers the training and development aspect. This part covers almost each sphere of training in detail. Further chapters deals with the different stages of the training process like TNA, designing training progammes and evaluation of training.

Human Resource Management is one of the hot topics in business and information systems today. Human Resource Management is a business strategy that provides the enterprise with a complete, dependable and integrated view of its human resources. A noteable feature of the book is that it gives extensive coverage to Human Resource Development topics. The book contains a number of informative examples and diagrams. The book is primarily meant for students pursuing advance courses in Human Resource Management. Contents include : Concept of HRM, Human Resource Development, Human Resource Planning, Job Analysis, Recruitment, Selection, Placement and Induction, Training, Management Development, Trade Unions, Worker’s Participation in Management Performance Appraisal, Job Evaluation, Job Enrichment, Collective Bargaining, Grievance Handling, Morale, Team Development, Internal Mobility, Motivation, Human Resource Audit, Discipline and Human Resource Records and Research.

An extremely exhaustive and comparative study of the armies; the armor; the artillery, the air forces; the navies; the missile forces; the nuclear weapons; ground warfare; air warfare; naval warfare; military doctrines and military might of India, Pakistan and China. All that matters on matters military is to be found in these pages. A rare insight into the subject of defence, and must read for lay men, students, media persons, policy-makers, and men of the armed forces. Why this book is vital for all of us? Because you need to be enlightened. For most people defence has become synonymous with military hardware and we keep on spending on everything the military men ask for because nobody has the wisdom to question it. Given the fact that a nuclear Pakistan would not let itself be defeated at any cost, and that the Chinese could nuke us for even tactical reasons, we must have a serious relook at the way we approach our defence concerns. Can the armed forces, in spite of Rs. 164,000 crore spent on them every year guarantee a decisive victory or a ‘solution of the Pakistan problem’? No! This shocking book exposes the weak underbelly of India. India as a nation is mentally absolutely unprepared for fighting a war and enduring all its horrors. This book predicts that whether our armies are winning or taking a beating, the moment the war touches the Indians who matter (that is, the rich, the beautiful and the powerful), urban India would start buckling. The clarion call of the media and the opinion-builders would be ‘peace at any cost’ and they would suggest surrender even before the thought has crossed the mind of the adversary. In the end, Pakistan or China will not defeat you, your own TV channels and magazines will. That’s where the real military crisis of India lies.

Indian economy, in the new millennium, had registered phenomenal growth in terms of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP). The current decade will be long remembered as a period of uncertainty and instability, due to the financial upheaval sparked by the sub prime crisis. All the economies of the world are doing their best to come out of this turmoil unscathed. In a globalized economic environment, where the economies of the world have been closely integrated, no country can claim that it has not been affected by the crisis. The crisis has not spared any country, both developed and developing, from falling into a trap. India is no exception in this regard. The impact of the crisis has been huge on the country. There has been a decline in the exports and this has primarily affected the external sector of the economy. The Indian economy had achieved a remarkable growth in the past few years, but it appears that, a gulf would emerge between the recent past and future performance of the economy due to the financial crisis. This book contains 23 papers focusing on changing scenario of Indian Economy, penned with an in-depth analysis by academics, and research scholars drawn from all over Tamil Nadu and duly edited by a renowned author. This is, perhaps, the first of its kind in providing rich and relevant information on Indian Economy, which hitherto remained as “forbidden fruit”. The book will be of immense help to all those interested in the study of new innovations in Indian Economy in the changing global business scenario.

Forest plays a significant role in the overall balance of carbon in the atmosphere mitigating or exacerbating the effects of global warming. Forest carbon sequestration can potentially reduce the accumulation of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. They influence climate change largely by affecting the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. When forests grow, carbon is removed from the atmosphere and absorbed in wood, leaves and soil. This book presents various aspects of Forest and Forestry with respect to Indian Economy. The subject matter of Forest and Forestry included in the present book covers wide range of topics from Forest Policy, Forest Resources, Forest Based Industries, Ecotourism, Climate Changes and Forest Economy in detail. This book contains 10 research papers by authors from all regions of India. It is expected that the book will be highly useful for students, scholars, professors, planners, policy makers and Government in preparing future programmes for Indian Forest and Forestry.

Today Indian English literature is an endeavour of showcasing the rare gems of Indian writing in English. From being a curious native explosion, Indian English has become a new form of Indian culture, and voice in which India speaks. Not only are the works of Indian writers writing in English soaring on the best-sellers list, they are also receiving a great deal of critical acclaim from Anita Desai, Kiran Desai, Jhumpa Lahiri, Arundhati Roy… the parade of fine Indian women writers is long and lengthening. Here, you can explore the interesting history of Indian writing in English, and also experience its various facets, as expressed by Indian women Novelists. Indian Women Novelists: Critical Discourses is a latest attempt to explore and criticise the major Indian Women Novelists. The book covers a unique collection of thirty scholarly papers from eminent scholars of India. The major Indian Women Novelists analysed in this book are: Arundhati Roy, Shashi Deshpande, Anita Desai, Kiran Desai, Kamala Markandaya, Jhumpa Lahiri, Bharati Mukherjee, Manju Kapur and Shobha De. It is hoped that the book will be of great help to the students, researchers and teachers of English literature and will even appeal to those interested in Indian English literature.

Indian Writing in English: Critical Perspectives consists of essays by distinguished Indian academicics on variety of topics covering Indian Writing in English, which is a rather recent phenomenon reaching the global status. The book introduces the contemporary debates comprising the vast aspects of the canon. IWE has become a powerful literature and holds a place of its own in world literature and appears perfectly as indigenous literature. As a result of multiculturalism literatures are the manifestations of hybrid cultures, the globalization has beeb affecting the literary scene for the centuries. The present anthology edited by Dr. Vishwanath Bite and Dr. Arvind Nawale consists twenty well researched articles throwing flood of light on variety of aspects. Indian Writing in English is the body of work of writers in India who write in the English language and whose mother tongue is usually one of the numerous languages of India. It is also associated with the works of members of the Indian diaspora, especially people like Salman Rushdie who were born in India. As a category, this production comes under the broader realm of postcolonial literature- the production from previously colonised countries such as India. The present book explores works of eminent authors like Anurag Mathur’s Inscrutable Americans, Arun Joshi’s The Strange Case of Billy Biswas, Gita Mehta’s Raj, Amitav Ghosh’s The Shadow Lines, Girish Karnad’s Tughlaq and Hayavadana, Shashi Deshpande’s That Long Silence, Arundhati Roy’s Resistant of Bare Life, Baby Bush go Back, Anita Desai’s Journey to Ithaca, Paulo Coelo’s The Alchemist, Prakash Deshpande’s Bardana, Khushwant Singh’s Train to Pakistan, Lakshmi Bai and Durga Khote’s Autobiographies, Mulk Raj Anand’s The Old Woman and The Cow, Gita Hariharan’s When Dreams Travel, Vijay Tendulkar’s Silence! The Court is in Session, Mahashweta Devi’s Standayini Arvind Adiga’s The White Tiger, through different perspectives. The present volume will prove an ideal reference book to students, researchers and teachers of Indian Writing in English.

The world economy has opened the gates for the people of different countries to come forward to start, expand or diversify their economic activities in the form of goods or service industries. A large number of young people are coming up in the business world as entrepreneurs. In this book, a number of quotations/thoughts of the people from different fields like education, business, industries, film, sports, literature and culture are compiled. This book will prove its worth among the new, young and future entrepreneurs by motivating them and providing them the right direction in becoming successful entrepreneurs.

THE building boom and the establishment of a large number of industries all over the country has led to a great demand for good, professional interior designers. This profession is a hot career option these days. It is generally not realised that to obtain a proper visual arrangement and a pleasing appearance with utility value, a number of various inputs from different disciplines like environmental psychology, architecture, product design and furniture design are required. The interior designer also needs to know the intricacies of ceiling plans, lighting, interior detailing, materials, finishes, space planning, furnishing, fixtures and accessories. This book covers all these aspects of interior designing in detail. The chapters include: •?? Overview of Interior Decoration • Possibilities in Decoration • Dicovering the New Beauty • Steel, Concrete and Terra Cotta • Rooms Location • Changing Levels • Doors and Windows • Place of Furniture • Choice of Space • Privacy of Area • Security in Home •?? Gender and the Aquisition of a New Kitchen • Significance of Aesthetics • Future of Interior Decoration • Future Sociability of Home This book will be useful for space planners, interior designers and architects as well as the general reader who wishes to give a pleasing and aesthetic look to his office and home.

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Jatropha is a valuable multi-purpose crop to alleviate soil degradation, desertification and deforestation, which can be used for bio-energy to replace petro-diesel, for soap production and climatic protection, and hence deserves specific attention. The Planning Commission of India has nominated it as an ideal plant for biodiesel. Jatropha until recently was not cultivated as a domesticated crop. But the scenario is changing. The potential of Jatropha is being researched and developed in developing countries as Zambia, Mali, India, China and the Phillipines. Jatropha is grown in many Asian countries. It is also popular in Europe & US as a green product helping to reduce global warming. Lots of researches are going on in the field of Jatropha. Looking into all these fact, an effort has been made to compile all the research results on Jatropha curcas in this book. The book comprises of 10 chapters. Chapter 1 discusses the international popularity of Jatropha as a biofuel plant. Chapter 2 discusses the progress of plantation and biofuel development in India. Chapter 3 describes the facts about the plant Jatropha curcas as a multipurpose plant. Chapter 4 elucidates the therapeutic usage and ethnomedicinal properties of the miracle plant Jatropha curcas. Chapter 5 peeps into the potential of Jatropha as an animal feed. The various mode of propagation of this plant has been described in chapter 6. Jatropha has the unique capability to survive in marginal soil. Chapter 7 tries to give an overview of Jatropha as a stress resistant plant with sufficient experimental documentation. Omics intervention to understand the potentiality of Jatropha has been the main aim of Chapter 8. We discuss in this chapter the various players of omics in relation to the work done on Jatropha. Chapter 9 gives an overview of the plant as a potential energy crop and in the last enzymatic production of biodiesel from Jatropha oil is given in chapter 10. This book will be highly beneficial to all the researchers, students and teachers in the field of plant biotechnology, energy resources, biofuels and agriculture.

The book is an attempt to critically analyse and evaluate the diverse domains of Jayanta Mahapatra’s works. A man becomes a saint by conquering the senses. Jayanta Mahapatra attains sainthood in writing sublime lines. There is an aesthetic dialectic between the beautiful and the painful, between joy of living and the sad threats in daily mundane matters. Losing one’s identity metaphorically, is much like death. Land and sociological identity play a important role in a committed writer’s mind. Alienation plays a vital role in the literary scenario with the conflict between self and the world consciousness in the works of Jayanta Mahapatra.This edited volume records some of the unearthed terrains of Mahapatra’s creative corpus.

Kautilya’s Arthasastra, the ancient Indian classic of governance, has been gaining increasing attention of Indologists all over the world, in recent years. It gives a mine of information regarding the actual practice of governance and outlines a picture of an ideal system of efficient administration. In the first chapter, Mr. Mannadiar introduces the treatise, indicates the themes of its fifteen adhikaranas and gives a profile of Kautilya about whom we have only scanty reliable information. He follows it up with a brief description of the society in which Kautilya lived. The rich material of the book has been judiciously reorganised to present various topics in a compact form. The topics dealt with include the administrative hierarchy, conditions of service, penal practices, welfare measures and foreign policy. Kautilya gives detailed instructions regarding the organisation of an efficient network of spies. Even the most infamous Intelligence Agencies of the present world may find some useful hints to strengthen their department of dirty tricks. “Trust none” should be the motto of the ruler. Modern management gurus find in Arthasastra many ideas which could be implemented in their organisations. Mr. Mannadiar devotes one full chapter to the theme. He has not failed to note the absence of concern with general education and public health. Kautilya’s interest in environmentalism and social forestry should be an eye-opener to many contemporary ecologists. Mannadiar’s occasional asides and comments connect the wily Brahmin’s insight to the present practice of public administration. And the author’s elegant English makes the experience of reading this book a pleasant and valuable intellectual experience. Dr. G.B. Mohan Thampi Former Vice Chancellor University of Kerala India

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This book highlights the role of leadership in eliminating poverty. The focus is on the Indian scene. The underlying theme of the book is very well summarized in the statement made by an eminent jurist who was Indian Ambassador to the United States of America decades ago. According to him, the credit for the achievement of keeping India a poor country, despite its huge production and vast potential goes to its politicians. The spirit of democracy has been put to shame by our elected representatives who form a floating population of power seekers, power holders and power brokers. But India has survived all this because of it tremendous endurance capacity. These words are confirmed by the behavior of several members of the Parliament and legislatures seen through Television channels. The deficiencies in leadership and their impact on poverty are discussed in the early chapters of the book. In later chapters a remedy is suggested through improving the quality of leadership. The concept of power management and its relevance to poverty abolition finds detailed discussion. The role of development leadership is stressed and a strategy for rural development is mentioned in brief. The need for motivation, character development and encouraging talent for poverty alleviation is highlighted in separate chapters. Finally an example of action taken by the Sri Lankan government for poverty alleviation with some degree of success is stated in the Appendix. A lasting solution to the problem lies in high quality leadership at all levels.

The anthology ‘Literary Criticism in Indian English Literature’ contains articles on significant works of distinguished authors with scholarly and meaningful appreciation of six novels, three with regional outlook -reflecting on all India character, two insightful studies of Anita Desai and one with a different approach to sufferings in rural surroundings, articles on short stories take up subjects which have not yet been touched so brilliantly as yet and then there are learned studies with genuinely new approach to the plays of Dattani and Girish Karnad. An interview with Sarangi adds beauty to the anthology. Originality in approach to the appraisal of authors’ thought is its virtue. The Indian Writers analysed in this anthology are: Raja Rao, V.S. Naipaul, Mahesh Dattani, Girish Karnad, Anita Desai, Mulk Raj Anand, Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni and Kamala Markandaya. On the whole the anthology covers a fairy comprehensive ground. It is hoped that the anthology will be of great help to the students, researchers and teachers of English literature and will even appeal to those interested in Indian English literature.

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Microorganisms are ubiquitous, live in ambient as well as in most extreme environments across the various ecosystems where macroorganisms can not survive. Their total number on earth is estimated to be 4-6 ´ 1030 out of which only 1-5% has either been cultured or its functionality assessed. Our existence on Earth is possible due to microbial activities. They play key role in bio-geochemical mineral cycles, agricultural production, earth’s radiative balance, and biodegradation of toxics and produce a number of products and chemicals of industrial importance. The book starts with evolution of microorganisms and contains detailed information about study of evolutionary chronometers; characteristics of primary domains; peculiar features of extreme environments; microbial diversity of extremophiles and biochemistry and physiology of their adaptation; techniques for study of culturable and unculturable microbial diversity; diversity of oxic and anoxic habitats; eukaryotic diversity; economic value of microbial diversity along with its conservation strategies; and various biotechnological applications of microbial diversity. Each chapter is self-contained and self-explanatory. The book will serve as an advance text and reference book for students, teachers and research workers engaged in diverse fields of microbiology, agricultural microbiology, biochemistry, food microbiology and industrial microbiology.

Marketing is basic and important function of managerial process whereby the resources of the whole business organizations are utilized to satisfy the wants or needs of selected customer groups in order to achieve the objectives of both parties such as suppliers or producers and the consumers. It plays an important role in product promotion. In the present book all these topics of marketing such as marketing research, marketing communication, marketing environment, marketing channels, marketing control, advertising and public relations and targeting have been explained after a detailed study of the basic concepts, principles and the modern business environment. Specific chapters on Direct Marketing and Rural Marketing have been included in order to make this book more distinct and relevant, in the present day context. The book would be useful for students of B.Com., B.B.A., M.Com., M.B.A., PGDMM and marketing professionals.

This book studies in depth and detail of Mulk Raj Anand’s all major novels which are truly representative of his creative, artistic and literary genius. Mulk Raj Anand enjoyed his childhood in the idyllic world. Later on he came in touch with the urban atmosphere. He enjoyed most of his years of life in cities but his nostalgic past always remained in his mind. That is reflected in most of his novels. He combined in his fictional work his vision of the rural world with that of the urban world. We find in him Henry Fielding and Charles Dickens rolled into one as it were, encompassing the rural and urban conditions. But at heart, he is like Rousseau, pleading for return to the naturalness of nature, simplicity and innocence of the countryside contrasted with the stiffness and callousness of the city. Undoubtedly, the book makes an interesting and meaningful reading. It keeps the reader thrilled by the new vision of life in to the works of Anand and offers fresh interpretations. It will certainly be very useful to the teachers, researchers and students of Indian writing in English, particularly those having keen interest in the fictional world of Mulk Raj Anand in broad perspective.

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An attempt has been made in this book to incorporate extensive and updated information regarding challenges faced by scientists, sustaining natural resources and agriculture for supporting life on this planet. The authors have made efforts to cover the practical, data based, scientific ways to use natural resources viz., crop and bio wastes, naturally occurring minerals and bio fertilizers etc. in easy to understand language. This book is a valuable compilation of most of the aspects of natural resource management in agriculture and will be helpful for students, scientist, policy makers, industrialist and progressive farmers. The contents include : • Sustainable crop production using natural resources including minerals, biofertilizers, organic waste and green manuring. • Phosphate rich organic manure in sustainable agriculture. • Use of Gypsum and Gypso compost in agriculture. • Organic based post harvest and processing technologies. • Size distribution of mineral and use of Nano Technology in natural resources management for farming. • Integrated pest management by natural resources. • Impacts on water conservation and Global warming.

Communication is an integral part of our life. About 78 % of communication is non verbal. Only a small percentage comes from the actual words you say. The majority of our feelings and intentions are sent through nonverbal communication. Wordless messages or kinesics are the way we communicate by sending and receiving signals using body language, gestures, postures, proximity, haptics, and facial expressions. Your walking, standing and sitting says a lot about you. Your postures and other body language can give you away, so to speak. They speak volume, even if you don’t move an inch, standing with your arms crossing or sitting down with leg crossing. Gestures are the use of movements or signals to convey a message to another person. Proxemics is the physical distance between two people which can be correlated to the relationship they share be it personal or social. Haptics is the study of touching in nonverbal communication. When we say touching, we mean handshakes, holding hands, shoulder patting, kissing, “high-five”, brushing arm, gentle squeeze of hands or arms, brushing hair with one’s fingers, etc.Facial expressions are another form of nonverbal communication. It could be a cheerful smile, a silly grin or a frown. The book provides a valuable guidance to any individual who is keen or wants to know about non verbal communication.

"Organic farming in the form of agriculture includes crop rotation, application of green manure, compost, bio fertilizers, biological pest and diseases control to maintain soil productivity and restrict the use of synthetic fertilizers and pesticides. Infact the organic farming rely on the management of the soil. It enhances the chemical, biological and physical properties of the soil and the increasing amount of nutrition in soil plays a key role in suppressing weeds, pests and diseases in eco-friendly manner. The several compost production technologies like Vermin-composting, Phospho-composting, nitrogen rich Phospho-composting etc., improve the soil quality by enriching the nutrients. The present book incorporates critical review and research articles on management of organic farming. Important articles are on Ancient Plant Protection Practices: Relevance As On Now, Organic Agriculture: Global and Indian Scenario, Organic Farming in India: Perceptive and Prospects, Standards and Certification and Inspection in Organic Agriculture, Organic Farming: Status and Scope in Special Reference to Indian Agriculture. Valuable information on Exploitation of Traditional Knowledge in the Management of Crop Diseases under Organic Agriculture in India, Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria for Biocontrol of Plant Diseases, Pest Management in Organic Farming, Kunapjala (Organic Manure and Pesticide) for Crop Health. The detailed information is given on Bio fertilizers: Its Production and Application in Organic Farming. Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) Associated with Plant Nutrition, Mycorrhizal Inoculation of Potential Medicinal Plants, Biogas Manure (BgM) a Rich Source of Plant Nutrients and Substitute to Inorganic Fertilizers, Impact of Organic Cultivation on Soil Health for Long Term Sustainability, Sustainable Crop Production through Organic Farming, its Waste and Management, Organic Culture and GM Technology, Certified Organic Farming: Evolution and Regulations, Socio Economic Impact of Organic Farming: Concept, Measurement and Issues. One article is more relevant in the present scenario which is related to human health, as pesticides and chemicals polluted the food and drinking water which cause many human diseases out of which one important disease like Diabetes: The Chronic Health Hazard of Non Organic Farming. The sufficient information is given on Organic Live Stock Production and Food Production Method and Animal Health. The text covers available information on principles and practices of organic farming related to agriculture and livestock. The book will be useful and widely accepted by students, teachers, researchers, Botanists and Agriculturists and to all those who are interested and concerned with the organic farming. "

"Sustainable agriculture is agriculture that is ecologically sound, economically viable and it conserves the resources such as soil, ground and surface water, minerals, petroleum and biodiversity. Sustainable crop production is only possible when the natural resources based on which the production activity depends should not be eroded or harmed in any manner. Organic Farming is the wise answer to the problems. Organic farming means adopting techniques that maintain soil fertility indefinitely, that utilizes as far as possible, only renewable resources, that do not grossly pollute the environment and that fosters life energy within the soil and throughout the cycles of all the involved food grains. The present book “Organic Farming for Sustainable Agriculture” covers the application of Organic Farming in the present scenario and suggesting the ways and means of driving the maximum benefits by using biofertilizers for sustainable agriculture. Major chapters included in this book are on—Global development of organic agriculture; Biofertilizers—An important component in organic farming; Use of microalgae & Cyanobacteria as biofertilizers; Organic farming for sustainable agriculture development; Vermicompost : Role in organic farming and Biodynamic farming : Holistic approach in agriculture. A detailed chapter on Organic farming and Biotechnology provide sufficient information about use of organic farming in the era of biotechnology and how biotechnology is changing the agriculture sector. This book will be useful to agriculture scientists, farmers, botanists, industrialists, social workers and persons interested in organic farming for sustainable agriculture. "

The present publication on Ornamental Crop Breeding has been organized in such a way that it will be useful to everyone interested in the world particularly to hobbyist plant breeders, amateur gardeners, flower breeders and technocrats. This book will vividly highlight genetical and breeding applications in flower crops covering wide range of aspects. There are 15 interesting and informative introductory chapters on history, origin and evolution, genetics, reproduction, breeding methods, exploitation of sterility and incompatibility, inbred lines, hybrids, distant hybridization, breeding for abiotic and biotic stress, tissue culture and biotechnological approaches, genetic transformation, DNA Finger Printing, seed production, techniques of growing quality planting materials and IPR issues etc. Twenty four most important flower crops of India are separately dealt in details in this publication. These ornamental crops are presented in the book according to their ranking in global market and these are rose, chrysanthemum, lily, gerbera, orchids, anthurium, carnation, gladiolus, china aster, dahlia, tuberose, jasmine, bougainvillea, cacti, marigold, zinnia, hibiscus, petunia, begonia, cyclamen, antirrhinum, impatiens, ageratum and pimpernel. It may be humbly claimed that this is the first book of its kind on breeding of ornamental crops in India. This book will be useful to teachers, students, scientists, plant breeders, plant biotechnologists, planners, exporters, amateurs and professional flower growers.

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Perspectives on Indian Booker Prize Winners: Readings & Reflections is an anthology discussing the various issues concerning recent and emergent Indian Booker Prize winner in English. The book is one of the finest studies on Midnight’s Children, The Loss and The White Tiger of Salman Rushdie, Arundhati Roy, Kiran Desai and Aravind Adiga respectively. This book virtually contemplates on the Indian Bookers Prize winner in English. It has significant research analysis drawn from teachers and researchers spread out both in and outside India. The book, it is expected, will indeed find a warm welcome in the hands of the connoisseur of the Indian Booker Prize winning writers.

Indian literature in general and Indian English Literature in particular have been casting a magic spell on all lovers of creative work. Post-Independence literatures have established an identity of their own in all nations liberated from foreign yoke. New voices, fresh aspirations, invigorating socio-cultural concerns have extended to the creative process a rare grandeur and unique stature. Voice of the suppressed seems to be the most vocal in demanding redress of genuine grievances. Human relationships as always draw attention unconditionally. This book carries fourteen research papers on various aspects of Indian English literature and on works about India, besides four interviews with eminent men of erudition delineating several concepts and contexts as regards Indian English Literature. ‘Afterword’ is intended to throw light on the prevailing scenario. It is fervently hoped that this book gets the patronage of the discerning readers.

The changed agricultural scenario has to focus our attention on way is to check plant diseases, cut crop losses, avoid-wide fluctuations in productions and sustain the higher levels of productivity. The issue facing agricultural and in particular disease control is, therefore, managing the plant disease severity below the economic threshold following ecologically safe, economically viable and easily operational procedures. The Integrated Disease Management (IDM) strategy is targeted to achieve this objective. The present book “Plant Diseases and its Management” incorporates critical review and research articles on important plant diseases and their management strategies. This volume contain 19 chapters covering diseases of economically important plants and their management. Chapters covers Diseases of Wheat, Barley, Kodo-millet, Soybean, Coconut, Pulses, Sugarcane, Rice, Cluster bean and their mode of management. Other important articles included are: Management of Ganoderma stem rot disease of Prosopis cineraria through biocontrol fungi; Diversity of fungal biocontrol agents & their uses in agriculture; Agriculturally important microorganisms and sustainable agriculture; Microbial and botanical biopesticides in plant disease management. Book also includes articles on virus disease of cowpea; Role of Biological proteins in the management of plant viruses; Virus free plant through meristem tip culture; Phytoplasma of sugarcane & its control. Detailed information is given on Microbial versatility towards plant and phytonematode management and Microbes in the management of plant diseases. The book will be useful to all students and researchers in plant pathology, agriculture, botany & plant protection.

Indiscriminate use of pesticides has harmed the mankind, animals, environment and ecology. The development of resistance in some pathogens against fungicides, lack of reliable chemical control measures and also the lack or non availability of resistant varieties to major diseases in some crops led to search of alternative means for disease control. The alternatives are those refered to as biological controls. The biological control refers to the purposeful utilization of introduced or resident living organisms, other than disease resistant host plants, to suppress the activities and populations of one or more plant pathogens. The microorganisms have come under focus for the management of diseases due to their unique ability to survive in the ecosystem and reducing the severity of the diseases. The present book Plant Diseases and their Biological Control incorporates the critical reviews and research articles on biological control of pathogens. Important articles are on Biological Control as an Ecological Safer Technology, Biocontrol through Microbes and Endomycorrhiza, Mitigating Plant Disease through Cultural Practices, Mechanism of Action of Biocontrol Agents, Potential Application of Trichoderma, Mass Production and Formulation of Bioagents, Plant Disease Management through Diversified Cropping Systems, Biological Control of Rice Blast and Pigeon Pea Wilt, Molecular Advances of Disease Management in Indian Mustard, Development of Pseudomonas Fluorescens based Biopesticides, Biocontrol of Chilli Leaf Curl Disease and Rot of Ginger, Biotechnological Approaches for Disease Management in Forest Trees, Biological Control of Postharvest Diseases of Fruits, Marker Assisted Selection for Resistance Improvement in Potatoes, Agonistic Phyllosphere Consortium of Microbes in the Development of Disease of Fern and Biological Control of Jatropha Plant Diseases. The book will be useful and widely accepted by students, teachers, researchers, Botanists, Plant Pathologists, and Agriculturists.

Plants plays a crucial and critical role in the maintenance of global ecological balance and in the operation of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and water cycles of the biosphere, vital for agriculture and for the sustenance of life on earth. All over the world, distruction of plants is beginning to turn the ordinary seasonal weather into economic and ecological disasters. The present book “Plant Environment Interaction” incorporates critical review articles on all major aspects of this subject in 16 chapters. The authors have tried to synthesise up-to-date information, which is pertinent for researchers and students alike. Chapters included are : High temperature stress response in crops; Response of cyanobacteria to UV radiation; Assessment of quaternary vegetation and climate of Kumaun Himalaya and Kaleidoscopic behaviour of Spirulina under different culture conditions. Chapters on Plant extracts—A tool for genotoxic damage repair; An approach to identify different varieties of Mangifera indica with the help of morphological traits; Biology & economics of Prosopis cineraria; Phloem of some common ferns and Effect of human interferences on orchid diversity provide detailed information on the subject. Articles on Phytoastrology : A Botanical approach to astrology; Concurrent growing of green manure crops in rice; Indian Forests and Research—Past and Present; Comparative suitable nutrient solution for the growth of plants and its effect on calcium deficiency and Microbial endophytes : The untapped resources for bioactive extrolites have added to the value of the book. This volume will definitely serve not only as an excellent reference material but also as a guide for teachers, research workers, students & workers in the field of plant sciences.

The book “Plant Protection through Eco-friendly Techniques” contains nineteen chapters dealing with an eco-friendly management of insect pests for sustainable agriculture, impact of climate change and food safety. The contributors of the book have collected up to date information on insect-pest & disease management, new trends including DNA Barcoding, EPN, anthocorid, pheromones, insect pest management in vegetables, oilseeds and phytophagous whitegrubs which will be useful for scholars of plant protection group. The book includes information on Some Problematic Agricultural Pests and their Eco-safe Management; Phytophagous Whitegrubs of India Bioecology and Management; Concepts, Approaches and Implementation of IPM in Crops; DNA Barcoding AND Integrated Pest Management; Exploitation of Eco-friendly Techniques for the Management; Anthocorids as Potential Predators; Biopesticiides and their Potential Predators; Biopesticides and their Potential in Integrated Pest Management; Eco-fridnly Insect Pest Management in Tobacco; Insect Pest Management in Oil Seed Crops. Chapters on The Challenges of Food Security: Decisive Role of Pesticides; Biopesticidal Entomopathogenic Nematode; Entomopathogenic Fungi for Sustainable Agriculture; Entomopathogenic Fungi with Special Reference to Metarhizium and Beauveria for Management of Whitegrubs; Management of Some Insect Pests using Pheromones; Food Safety and Risk Assessment of Crop Protection Chemicals and their Rational Use in Maximising Gains; Sustainable Crop Production Technologies for Pests of Vegetable; Role of Honey Bees in Sustenance Crop Productivity have been included to project their importance in the present scenario and lastly article of Emerging Challenges in Crop Health Management adds value to the book. This book shall be of a great help to teachers, researchers & students engaged in the field of Plant Pathology, Entomology, Seed Pathology, Horticulture, Agro-forestory, Nematology & others interested in different branches of Agriculture & Botany.

Plant biotechnology, especially genetic transformation, represents one of powerful tools for the improvement of various important crops through introduction of foreign genes into the plant genome. The present book aims at bringing out concise account of applications of plant biotechnology and role of plant tissue culture in it. The book has 4 sections. The first section deals with recent developments in use of Agrobacterium mediated gene transfer in some of the recalcitrant plant species like Mulberry, Oil palm, Cork oak and Neem using plant tissue culture. Two candidate genes have the potential to control plant height from the oil palm ESTs database. Some of the recent most successful strategies in cork oak propagation are summarized and factors involved in the control of oak somatic embryogenesis which includes data on cryopreservation, transformation and genetic fidelity strategies are presented. Somaclonal variants can appear among regenerants after in vitro tissue culture and there is special chapter on detecting them using molecular marker techniques to check DNA methylation variation. A review of in vitro flowering provides a model system for studying and conducting in vitro breeding. Cryopreservation techniques to various types of medicinal plant cultures including isolated roots, cultures of undifferentiated cells, embryogenic tissues and shoot tips of in vitro plants are presented in detail. Second section of the book deals with abiotic stress of salinity and biotic stress of plant nematode interaction at molecular level and determine genes involved in it. There is specific section on plant microbe interaction. The genetic framework underlying light and circadian developmental control in perennial fruit species has been devised by in silico analyses of sequence and motif conservation, expression profiling and candidate gene mapping. This book is unique in several respects, most important being the attempt to provide examples of genetic modification of recalcitrant tree species, providing insight in to fundamental as well as applied aspects of plant tissue culture and elaborating on various examples of applied plant biotechnology. The book is aimed towards students teachers and researchers of botany, plant biotechnology, horticulture, agriculture, forestry and engineering institutions and industry.

This anthology contains scholarly papers contributed by several scholars and teachers of English. This anthology covers Indian English poetry, novels and drama. The writers discussed in this anthology are—Taslima Nasrin, Biplab Majumdar, Shobha De, Praveen Gadhvi, Vijay Tendulkar, Mahesh Dattani, Keki N Daruwalla, Manju Kapur, Anita Desai, Kiran Desai, Shyam Selvaduraps. Indian English literature is progessing very well specialy in the field of fiction and Indian novelists are claiming world wide recognition and fame. This book will certainly help in assessing the growth of Indian English literature in the present century. It will prove to be a great asset to research scholars, teachers and avid readers of literature.

Post-modern Indian Women Novelists in English is a latest attempt to explore and criticise the Indian Post-modern Women Writers. The anthology covers a unique collection of scholarly papers from eminent scholars of India. The Indian Post-modern Women Writers analysed in this anthology are: Anita Desai, Kamala Markandaya, Arundhati Roy, Shashi Deshpande, Gita Mehta, Gita Hariharan, Manju Kapur, Shobha De, Rama Mehta and Bharati Mukherjee. On the whole the anthology covers a fairy comprehensive ground. It is hoped that the anthology will be of great help to the students, researchers and scholars of English literature and will even appeal to those interested in Indian Women Novelists.

Seed spices are the winter season annuals whose fruit (seed) is used as spice. About twenty seed spices are cultivated and almost all of them are grown in India, four of thse namely coriander, cumin, fennel and fenugreek are cultivated extensively and hence are called major seed spices. India is the leader in production, consumption and export of seed spices. Among the Indian states, Gujarat and Rajasthan lead in the area and production of these spices. Unfortunately these crops are still cultivated on marginal lands with almost nil to little inputs. In many a cases, local varieties are still cultiviated with very low production potential. It is therefore right time we take the stock of the situation. In an effort to know the status of seed spices research and development, eminent researchers from across the country have been invited to contribute their findings and views which led to the present compilation. The present book contains chapters that are written by who’s who in seed spices research in India. The opening chapter “Seed spices research: path less treated” tries to analyze the problem of seed spices research vis-à-vis with the research in cereals. The available germplasm collection in India are analyzed critically in the chapter on “Evaluation and coservation of seed spices Genetic resources: status and issues”. The research and accomplishments of All India Coordinated Research Project on Spices in seed spices sphere is very well presented in a chapter “Research efforts of All India Coordinated Research Project on Spices for productivity of seed spices. The need for good agricultural practices has been presented in chapter on ‘Good agricultural practices: Need for clean seed spices production”, similarly an analysis on quality aspects is presented in chapter by “Quality aspects of seed spices for export”. “Studies on seed spices improvement” looks at the methods adopted for genetic improvement and ways to modify the same for better genetic gains. Besides these, several chapters devote to look at the research findings on organic way of production of seed spices, Nutrition management, disease and pest management in seed spices. Unless the findings of researches reach the farmers and are adopted by them they are of little value. Hence several chapters are devoted to understand the problem of adoption of improved methods of seed spices cultivation. Similarly a chapter on “Marketing of important seed spices in Rajasthan” looks at the marketing of seed spices. Seed spices contain essential oils which are extracted and marketed as value added product. The commercial exploitability of the essential oils of seed spices is discussed in “Commercial exploitation of essential oils obtained from seed spices for use in aromatherapy”. The book is expected to be of much help to all those connected with seed spices. It is hoped that this book will find acceeptance with scientists, industrialists, lanners as well as students connected or interested in seed spices.

“Public Health in India” analyses the health scenario of the people in India. Though the government of India takes many steps to develop the health condition of the people still it is not fully achieved. The foremost reason is ignorance, unawareness, lack of health services and poor health utility by the people especially in rural background. Many programmes and research projects are going one side to know the factor and find a possible solution for it. This book also tries to focus the public health position in a critical manner. The articles in the book cover socio-economic background and its impact on health. Gender education and gender differences associate with the health of the women in their life span and especially in reproductive period. Environmental factors and life style of the people are the reasons for the illness of the people. Beside these, many explorative areas like communication and public health investments also included in this book to bring a collective way of health of the people. So, this book will be more useful to all the people who give importance to their health and for the students to learn not only for their subject but also for their future health. Moreover, it will help the administrators, academicians, researchers and other personnel’s to gain much knowledge about the current health scenario.

HINDI

The biotechnological tools are important to select, multiply and conserve the critical genotypes of medicinal plants which are in great demands worldover. Tissue culture is useful for multiplying and conserving the species; bioreactors for enhanced production of secondary metabolites and in vitro regeneration for production of high quality plant based medicine. The improved in vitro plant cell culture systems have potential for commercial exploitation of secondary metabolites. The present book “Role of Biotechnology in Medicinal Plants” contain ten articles covering latest information on application of biotechnological tools for conservation and multiplication of medicinal plants and production of high quality plant based medicine. Book covers articles on Role of Biotechnology in medicinal plants; Biotechnology for improvement of medicinal plants; Molecular characterization of medicinal plants; Plant tissue culture : A biotechnological tool for conservation of medicinal plants; Role of biotechnological tools for the production of secondary metabolites; In vitro micropropagation of medicinal plants. Article on Safed Musli provide comprehensive account of different aspects of its utilization and conservation. A chapter on Current advances in plant biotechnology provide current information on the subject. This book also provide excellent glimpses on Biotechnological advances in India. This book will be useful for a variety of scholars—Biotechnologists, Ayurvedic and Medical people, Botanists, Pharmacologists, Phytochemists and Conservationists.

This book is an outcome of an extensive empirical research undertaken by the author based on the field work on rural women in Informal Sector. Since the topic is related to women exploitation due to illiteracy and ignorant. Women have been the most underprivileged and discriminated strata of the society not only in India but the world over. In spite of all Government and Non-Governments’ efforts, they have been highly ignorant clients of the informal sector. The author enriches the analysis with examples citing available information of the rural working women. The author had to put intensive efforts to collect the reliable sources from various governmental agencies and other non-governmental agencies pertaining to women vulnerability in the informal sectors. This book envisaged the miserable conditions of women in informal sectors and is organized into six chapters; each chapter is focused on various issues pertaining to rural women in informal sector, specially socio-economic conditions of women, snap shot of informal sector, knowledge review of various informal sector issues, area profile of the informal sector, base live survey of informal sector and analysis and finally it had discussed conclusion and policy suggestions in order to strengthen the informal sector. This book will be a blueprint for all academia, civil society, NGOs, researchers in all fields of social science research for policy decision making.

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"Seed production, availability and quality play a significant role in achieving the higher agricultural production. It is now well recognized all over the world that seed is a input for enhancing and stabilizing agricultural production and increasing the food availability to feed the growing population in our country as well as all over the world. It has been said that “Time and money spent on plant breeding is waste if the seed of improved crop plants are not made available to the farmers for planting in their fields.” The present book “Seed Technology and Quality Control” incorporates articles on some of the very important aspects related to seed technology. This volume contains eight chapters covering different aspects related to seed production, quality control, seed processing, packaging, seed physiology and related issues. Major chapters included are on : Rules and regulations governing quality seed production, certification, seed law enforcement and penalties on contravenes; Role of quality seeds in nutritional security of India; Synthetic seeds : A novel concept in seed technology; Technologies for seed processing, packaging & storage; Castor seed physiology; Cassava seed germination & physiology; Biological seed treatment for the management of soybean stem rot disease; Seed borne fungal diseases of cowpea and their management. Book will serve as a guide to show where we stand with regard to seed science and technology and what should be our future thrust and perspective. This volume will definitly serve as an excellent reference material and practical guide for students of seed technology, Agriculture, Horticulture, Botany, Forestry & Life Sciences. "

“Social Problems in India” deals with the contemporary issues of various aspects of our nation in a critical manner. It covers the key facet of the Indian society. India is divided on the basis of language, culture, customs and regions. Likewise, this book has several parts on the basis of health, education, environment, social occurrence and social evils. The first section is on social occurrences covering a range of subjects like children with AIDS, people’s religious experience, the impact of mass media, RTI, rights of disabled persons, a sociological appraisal of elderly people, and a socio-psychological perspective on modern India. The next section on social evils covers areas like child sexual abuse, human trafficking, cyber addiction, and drug abuse. The third section on impact of education envelops areas of higher education and its impact, learning & education, and women empowerment through education. The fourth section on environmental reality focuses on the actualities of modern India like sea water intrusion, sustainable development, fresh water crisis and water management. The last section on Health, zooms over malnutrition, child mental retardation, neglect of women’s health, well being of the elderly and the health decision making of SHG members. All the sections discuss the current situation in theoretical as well as research oriented way. So it will help the students, researchers, administrators, and other persons to know the contemporary issues of India in a brief as well as qualitative way.

India is the home to a vast variety of spices- some indigenous and others introduced. It is also home to important aromatic plants. India grows, consumes and export a vast variety of spices, while it also imports sizeable quantity of spices. Similarly, a number of essential oils extracted from different aromatic plants are used in domestic industry. Essentially, the extraction of essential oils was a cottage industry which has now grown in size enormously. Menthol production was unknown to India before 1960, but now India is a world leader in the production and export of natural menthol. Spices and aromatic plants together form an important part of our export earnings. This position is challenged now by new entrants in the international trade. It is therefore right time we take the stock of the situation. In an effort to know the status of spices and aromatic plant research and development, eminent researchers from across the country have been invited to contribute their findings and views which led to the present compilation. The present book contains chapters that are written by who’s who in spices research in India. Status on spices is discussed in three chapters- one of the chapters “status of spices in India” takes stock of the situation from the production and export point of view, the second one “status of Indian spices and scope in 21st century” gives a holistic picture about spices- cultivation, problems and future outlook in terms of research needs, the third chapter is devoted to understand seed spices research in particular. Situation of spices germplasm in India is presented in holistic manner in chapter “spices germplasm management and their exploitation in crop improvement”. The status of Onion and Garlic is presented in a chapter “Onion and Garlic: An Indian Perspective with special reference to Rajasthan” similarly the status of aromatic plants’ improvement in India is presented in 3 chapters. Besides these focal chapters the book also contains chapters which present recent advances in spices research. While the chapters will help understand the status of spices including onion, garlic and chilli, recent advances made in the crop improvement, production and protection of these important crops are also included. The book is expected to be much help to all those connected with spices including onion, garlic and chillies including aromatic plants. It is hoped that this book will find acceptance with scientists, industrialists, planners as well as students connected or interested in spices and aromatic plants.

This book will provide a vision to students and welfare workers and would be helpful to develop insight among child care givers. The content of this book enlighten the most important and valuable information on child and their status, conditions affecting the overall development of a child and welfare measures taken by Government and nongovernment organizations working at national and international level. It also highlights provisions for child welfare in five year plans along with national & international commitments and details about the administration and management of various child care organizations viz. Crèches, day care, foster care, preschool etc. This book would be useful for academicians, researchers, students, planners, child welfare workers & social activists, teachers of social work & home science and NGOs and for all those who feel concerned with the children and their development.

Hundreds of thousands of the world’s best-equipped coalition troops in Iraq and Afghanistan have, in spite of their tremendous firepower and great technical resources, been finding the going tough against the Taliban. The Indians, in spite of facing various insurgencies and terrorism since 1954, have not been able to decisively eradicate anyone of them. This means that there is something fundamentally wrong with their strategy as well as tactics. The Indians have had neither strategy nor a scientific tactical doctrine of conducting anti-terrorist operations; that’s why they have been failing all the way. This book is written for the illumination of the lay man; the media people; the policy-makers and the forces that seek to combat terrorism; and all those who would like to know why their governments and armed forces have been failing in eliminating terrorism for decades altogether. Nobody, no army, no staff college, no think tank in the whole world has ever produced such a comprehensive treatise on terrorism and anti-terrorist operations. The book has been so structured that the whole or parts of it can be independently expanded in the fashion of manuals so as to suit the specific needs of the armed forces. CONTENTS: The book is divided into eight parts, namely, the phenomenon of terrorism; the dynamics of terrorist organizations; anti-terrorist operations in urban areas; in jungles and rural areas; threats from explosives, chemicals, biological agents and nukes; physical security; weaponry and training; and intelligence and interrogation. The 27 chapters of the book deal with many subjects that have hitherto been never discussed anywhere, including those on why some Muslims become terrorists; the mechanics of terrorists’ operational planning; fighting terrorists in a house; dealing with hostage crisis; jungle combat techniques; convoy security; ambushes; IEDs; landmines; suicide terrorism; camp defense; and the esoteric art of interrogation.

Ethnobotany in the wider context denotes the entire realm of useful relationship between plants and man. The traditional communities the world over are treasure trove of accumulated knowledge and wisdom about the management and utilization of various plants and other materials around him. It is now well recognised that traditional wisdom and knowledge on the utilization of biological resources is of immense value to biodiversity planners and scientists in developing strategies in conservation, utilization and generation of wealth from the bioresources. The present book “Text Book of Ethnobotany” contain 15 chapters covering different aspects on the ethnobotany. Major chapter included are: Ethnobotany : Aims, objectives and scope; Prominent Ethnic societies of India; Methods of Ethnobotanical studies; Food yielding plants of tribals; Tribals and Forests; Construction of Huts and houses; Forests degradation and devices adapted for conservation; Ethnomedicinal plants; Entertainment devices and aesthetics; cosmetics, Decoration and Adornment used by tribals; Tribal intoxicants and masticatories; songs, marriages, ceremonies and plants in tribal life; plants in tribal proverbs, Faith in religion and supernatural powers and miscellaneous aspects of plants usage in tribal life. The present book will serve not only as an excellent reference material but also as a practical guide for ethnobotanist, herbal healers, anthropologist, conservator, botanist, chemist, doctors, industrialist and students in the field of ethnobotany.

In the past years, Home Science has undergone many changes. The new era has brought about several new challenges to the family and in this context, it becomes necessary for girls to study Home Science. For the development of a healthy and happy society the human relations have to be cordial as there are always differences of opinion and origin. In a diverse society like India, the child has to be reared in a way that he learns from the beginning to have regard for the art of social living. The process of human development has both the individual and social dimensions. Modern psychology has developed many scientific principles concerning the development of the personality. This is all described in first section—Human Development & Family Studies. Section 2–Health & Hygiene gives a detail account of personal hygiene including environment, sanitation, health and diseases. Housekeeping and management has acquired importance as a subject of study in the modern world. It is basically concerned with the skills of family budget and the aesthetic sense of maintaining a house, this is being described in section 3–Family Resource Management. The knowledge of right type of food which is both tasteful and nutritive is not sufficient but how it can be prepared is being described in detail in section 4–Foods and Nutrition. It is rightly said that a healthy body keeps a healthy mind. For a healthy body and a healthy mind, a right type of food, which is nutritive, is required. In the modern civilized world, the textile has progressed in a very tremendous way. Human being like to dress them beautifully. It is in this context that knowledge of the beauty and utility of textile and clothing is very significant. This book has brought about latest concepts of textile and clothing and the way to impart in technical way. This is given in the last section Textile and Clothing. The book will benefit the students of Home Science in particular and the general public.

THE discovery of antibiotics and the need to develop “process fermentation” led to striking new developments in fermentation technology and to the coining of the term “Biotechnology”. Biotechnology is the use of microorganisms, cells or cell components to make a product. The field of Biotechnology is growing quickly. Its tools are powerful and its impact is increasingly evident in agriculture, environment, medicine and in daily life. This book deals with the various tools and techniques of Biotechnology. The subject matter is beautifully depicted in 8 units consisting of 28 chapters. Broadly, the various units cover tools and techniques of cell biology, separation of biomolecules and the physical method applied to understand the molecular structure of macromolecules. The other topics include radiochemical techniques, spectroscopic techniques and physical techniques for imaging biological structures, analytical techniques and tools of molecular biology with special emphasis on genetic engineering. Each chapter begins with a chapter outline and an introduction. The entire chapter contains a historical layout of discoveries and development in that field of biotechnology. Each chapter in this book is meticulously designed and well illustrated to make the understanding of the subject easy. This book combines the best of the theoretical aspects as well as some of the practical methodology. The book promises to be a complete book on tools and techniques of Biotechnology for the undergraduate and postgraduate programme, particularly for the students of Biotechnology including Microbiology, Biochemistry, Pharmacy, Botany, Zoology and other allied sciences.

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OF all the planet’s renewable resources, water has a unique place. Water is one of the five basic elements (Earth, Water, Air, Atmosphere and Fire) from which creation emanates. Water, a renewable resource is undoubtedly one of the most vital requirements for all the living beings. Many a time this five-letter word (Water) has become a hot topic for discussion. India’s water crisis is predominantly a manmade problem. India’s climate is not particularly dry, nor is it lacking in rivers and groundwater. Extremely poor management, unclear laws, government corruption, and industrial and human waste have caused this water supply crunch and rendered what water is available practically useless due to the huge quantity of pollution. In managing water resources, the Indian government must balance competing demands between urban and rural, rich and poor, the economy and the environment. However, because people have triggered this crisis, by changing their actions they have the power to prevent water scarcity from devastating India’s population, agriculture, and economy. The present book contains 15 different research articles in which it is our endeavor to cover the major aspect of present status and future requirement of Water Resources in India. It is hoped that the book will be highly useful for students, scholars, professors, planners and policy makers.

Water has been harvested through traditional technologies in India since antiquity. Evidence of this tradition can be found in ancient texts, inscriptions, local traditions and archaeological remains. There is some evidence of advanced water harvesting system even from pre-historic times. The Punanas, Mahabharata, Ramayana and various Vedic, Buddhist and Jain texts contain several references to traditional water harvesting structures. This volume will give you the real picture of what’s happening in our country with regard to degradation of traditional water harvesting structures. This abbreviated volume illustrate various water related issues such as introduction and development of traditional water harvesting technologies, need of these technologies, rainwater harvesting in various regions of India, causes of degradation and need to conservation, challenges and priorities for traditional water management system. This book will be useful to policy makers, water activists, NGO’s, environmentalists geographers and young reseachers in the field of water management.

Water is a unique substance. It is one of the few materials on the Earth that exists naturally as a solid, liquid or gas. It is not possible for life on earth to exist without water. Scientists estimate that there are over one billion cubic kilometers of water on this earth, which covers nearly ¾ of the earth’s surface. Though this seems an inordinately huge amount, in actual fact, less than 1% is fresh and usable and is found in lakes, ponds, rivers and groundwater. Of the remaining, 97% is found in oceans and 2% is locked up in glaciers and ice-caps. In present scenario the whole world is suffering from the problem of ‘lacking of water resource’. As we know the water resource is totally free from nature that’s why we are not worried about the precious gift of nature, which is obviously water. There are a lot of challenges that are untouched and unseen. The challenges have to be overviewed and looked in for safe future. There is not any single supplement of water, nothing can replace it. Nature has given us everything we need. Now its our turn to repay it as soon as it is possible. The present book contains 15 different research articles which cover the major aspect of Water Resource Management in India. It is hoped that this book will be highly useful to students, scholars, professors, planners and policy makers.

"Water is one of the basic resources of mankind and is vital to all forms of life. Water is a biological necessity and is also of great economic significance. This being one of the basic necessities of life, Government has come out with various programmes of the supply of drinking water. The piped water supply is an economical proposition for areas with high population density. But the problem of safe drinking water assumes serious proportion when the efforts relate to the large rural populations scattered over a vast area including isolated and inaccessible habitations. This book tries to asses water resources and then utilisation in rural areas. It discusses the water resource potentiality and its utilization pattern, problem of water quality, water supply for domestic use and agriculture, impact of droughts on water supply, planning and management for sustainable development of water resources in rural areas. This book is useful for Public Health Engineering Departments, State and Central Ground Water Board, Agricultural Departments, Planners, Non-Government Organisations, Research scholars of Geography, Geology and other allied disciplines."

This book focuses on the interrelationship of water resources, management and economic development. It minutely analyses the status of water availability, accessibility and its uses. Further, it elaborates on various benefits like economic, health and several others, generated through water. Moreover, diverse indices like Water Poverty Index (WPI), Hydrological Water Stress Indicator (HWSI), and Social Water Scarcity Index (SWSI) have been calculated to assess the severity of water problem and also to ascertain their important determinants of water poverty and water accessibility.

Every culture, irrespective of its simplicity and complexity has its own set of beliefs and practices which are believed to serve major determinants for the regulation of fertility behaviour in a community. Women living in diverse socio-economic and domestic circumstances experience difference in fertility behaviour. The book is divided into seven chapters. The first chapter deals with the framework of the study area, social structure, objectives of the study, sampling procedure and data collection techniques. The second chapter gives an idea of the demographic profile of the respondents. The third chapter deals with the cultural beliefs and practices of fertility behaviour. The various traditions, beliefs and practices related to puberty rites, pregnancy, food practices, child-delivery practices, agency for delivery, post-partum care, child-rearing practices and infertility are discussed. The fourth chapter highlights people’s attitude towards infant and child mortality in terms of their beliefs, emotions and behaviour in the rural and urban areas. The fifth chapter deals with indigenous practices controlling fertility behaviour. It gives a brief description of how women in the rural and urban areas are governed by indigenous modes of fertility control. What are the beliefs and indigenous practices adopted for fertility control in the rural and urban areas? How do social norms regulate and control fertility behaviour? The sixth chapter deals with modern fertility control techniques, the concept of family planning as understood by them, sources of information, difference in the practice of family planning methods among rural and urban people. In the last chapter the major findings are discussed.

“Women and Health” discuss the general perspective of women’s health in descriptive manner. Health is one of the areas yet to be succeded in our country, in that women’s health is also in a deprived posotion. The status and role of the women determines the awareness towards their health. In the modern era still the health condition of women in India is not in a healthy way. So the causal factor and realistic blockage should be known to demolish all sorts of barrier. In this regard, this book had tried to analyze the women’s health in multi-dimensional way. Theoretical and research articles had brought the unkown facts and the reasons in a logical way. Social, psychological and medical aspects had been reviewed in the rural women setting. Moreover, the rights and health facilities of women also included to prevent and control the problem and get possible soultion for it. The academicians, research scholars and doctors of different personnel from various disciplines contributed in an effective manenr related to their field. The articles in the book os arranged in concern with social issues, social evils and its collisitions, impact of education, psychological input, and health variations and health promoting measures in India. So it will help the students, researchers, administrators, and other persons to know the contemporary issues of women’s health in a brief as well as in qualitative way.

This book deals with a very important subject, which is vital in the area of entrepreneurship and women empowerment. It discusses Meaning of Entrepreneurship, Women Entrepreneurship Development in India, An Effective Women Entrepreneur, Problems of Women Entrepreneurs, Marketing and Women Entrepreneurship Support System for Women Entrepreneurs, Business Plans, Strength of Women Entrepreneurs and Success Stories of Women Entrepreneurs in India. This book will be abiding interest to all those who are engaged in promoting women entrepreneurship and women empowerment. Contents: • Meaning of Entrepreneurship • History of Women Entrepreneurship Development in India • An Effective Woman Entrepreneur • Problems of Women Entrepreneurs • Marketing and Women Entrepreneurship • Support System for Women Entrepreneurs • Strength of Women Entrepreneurs • Business Plans • Success Stories of Women Entrepreneurs • Bibliography

Entrepreneur is one who innovates, organizes, manages and assumes the risk of an enterprise and acts as a catalytic agent in growth process. When an enterprise is established and controlled by a woman, it not only boosts economic growth but also has many desirable socioeconomic outcomes. Swami Vivekananda had once remarked “There is no change for the welfare of the world unless te condition of women is improved, is it possible for a bird to fly on one wing.” Women have innate flair for entrepreneruship. They are natural organizers and relationship builders. They can perform all the functions of an able entrepreneur in an efficient manner as their male counterpart, still they constitute less than 12% of self employed workforce in India, which is very less as compared to developed nations. This calls for concerted efforts to promote their role in entrepreneurial activities so that they can contribute to the growth process of te nation. Growth of women entrepreneur can go a long way in bridging the gap in gender inequalities in our country. The present book contains 35 different articles in which it is our endeavoor to cover the major aspect of women entrepreneurship. It is hoped that the book will be highly useful to students, scholars, professors, planners and policy makers.